Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK Block > Anatomy: Back & Spine > Flashcards

Anatomy: Back & Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What passes through the cervical vertebrae?

A

spinal cord and vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What part of the vertebrae does the spinal cord go through?

A

vertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the primary curvatures?

A

thoracic and sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the secondary curvatures?

A

cervical and lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

accentuated thoracic curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is lordosis?

A

accentuated lumbar curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

lateral cutvature of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes kyphosis?

A

osteoporisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes lordosis?

A

weight gain (pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes up the vertebral arch?

A

2 pedicles, 2 lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 7 vertebral processes?

A

spinous
transverse (2)
articular (2 superior, 2 inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common location of vertebral fracture?

A

Pars intra-articularis (between inferior and superior articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are facet joints?

A

synovial joints between articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are intervertebral discs?

A

cartilagenous joints between vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two parts of IV discs?

A 
anulus fibrosus (outisde, adheres to vertebrae)
nucleus pulposus (inside, shock absorber)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are intervertebral foramina?

A

between IV discs and facet joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What runs through intervertebral foramina?

A

spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the orientation of the facets in each spinal region?

A

45 degrees off transverse (cervical)
frontal (thoracic)
saggital (lumbar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What motions happen in the lumbar spine?

A

flexion/extention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What motions happen in the thoracic spine?

A

lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What motions happen in the cervical spine?

A

multi-axial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common spinal region for mechanical injury?

A

cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What makes up atlas?

A

anterior & posterior arches

articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the superior facets of atlas articulate?

A

occipital condyles of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What motion does the atlanto-occipital joint provide?

A

nodding (yes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a Jefferson fracture?

A

C1 fracture in multiple spots (ring shaped, can’t break in just one place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the three articulations of the atlanto-axial joint?

A

two lateral facets

Dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What motion does the atlanto-axial joint provide?

A

lateral rotation (no)

29
Q

What is a Hangman fracture?

A

fracture of C2

30
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

31
Q

What travels through the dorsal root?

A

axons of sensory nerves

32
Q

What travels through the ventral root?

A

axons of motor nerves

33
Q

What do the dorsal rami innervate?

A

back intrinsic muscles & skin

34
Q

What is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

unites the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies

35
Q

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Unites posterior surface of vertebral bodies (inside vertebral canal)

36
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament and what does it become?

A

unites spinous processes

becomes ligamentum nuchae in the cervical region

37
Q

What is the interspinous ligament?

A

adjoins adjacent spinous processes

38
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum?

A

adjoins lamina of adjacent vertebrae

sits in posterior vertebral column

39
Q

What are the extrensic muscles of the back?

A

traps
lats
thomboids
levator spaculae

40
Q

Latissimus dorsi (OIAI)

A

O - lower back
I - bicipital groove
A - extends, adducts, internal rotation of humerus
I - thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

41
Q

Trapezius (OIAI)

A

O - upper back
I - clavicle, spacular spine
A - elevates, rotates, retracts scapula (shrug)
I - CN XI

42
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the back?

A

serratus posterior (superior & inferior)

43
Q

What are the sections of the deep paraspinal muscles?

A

splenius (superficial)
erector spinae (intermediate)
transversospinalis (deepest)

44
Q

What makes up the Erector spinae?

A

iliocostalis (lateral)
longissimus (middle)
spinalis (medial)

45
Q

What makes up the transversospinalis?

A

semispinalis
multifundus
rotatores

46
Q

What lies in the vertebral canal?

A

Spinal cord and meninges

47
Q

How far down does the spinal cord extend?

A

L2

48
Q

Where does the dural sac end?

A

S2

49
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus medullaris

50
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

51
Q

How does a spinal nerve exit the column?

A

Exits the intervertebral foramen on the inferior side of its vertebrae, but superior to the intervertebral disc

52
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

53
Q

What are the three meninges?

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

54
Q

Where is the dura mater?

A

Surrounds the spinal cord and extends into the intervertebral foramen (dural sleeve)

55
Q

Where is the pia mater?

A

Attached to the spinal cord

56
Q

Where is the CSF?

A

Subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia)

57
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

Pieces of pia mater that attach to the arachnoid and anchor the cord laterally

58
Q

What sits in the epidural space?

A

Fat and epidural venous plexus

59
Q

How is the spinal cord vascularized?

A

Longitudinal arteries that anastomose with horizontal (segmental) arteries

60
Q

How many segmental arteries enter the vertebral canal?

A

8-10

61
Q

What vascularizes the inferior 2/3 of the spinal cord?

A

Great anterior segmental artery (artery of Adamkiewicz)

62
Q

What drains blood from the spinal cord?

A

Epidural venous plexus

63
Q

What is connected to the epidural plexus?

A 
External venous plexus (anterior of body)
Basivertebral plexus (bodies)
64
Q

What is clinically important about interconnected vertebral venous plexuses?

A

Allows a pathway for Mets to the brain and vertebral column

65
Q

What are the layers a spinal tap goes through?

A 
Skin
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Epidural space 
Dura
Arachnoid
66
Q

Where is the weak point of IV discs?

A

Posterolateral, superior to the posterior longitudinal ligament attachments

67
Q

What nerve is compressed by a L4 hernia?

A

L5. L4 leaves superiorly to the IV disc

68
Q

What nerve is compressed by a C5-C6 hernia?

A

C6

MSK Block (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions