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MSK Block > Anatomy: Leg & Foot > Flashcards

Anatomy: Leg & Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What bone does the tibia articulate with distally?

A

talus

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2
Q

What are the features of the condyles of the tibia?

A 
two facets (medial/lateral)
Two intercondylar areas (for ACL/PCL)
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3
Q

What stabilizes the knee?

A

quadriceps muscle
patellar retinaculum
fibrous capsule

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4
Q

What makes up the fibrous capsule of the knee?

A

MCL
LCL
oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament

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5
Q

What does the MCL attach to?

A

medial condyle
medial meniscus
tibia

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6
Q

Where does the ACL arise? PCL?

A

anterior intercondylar area

posterior intercondylar area

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7
Q

What position puts more tension of the ACL?

A

extension (standing)

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8
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

prevents posterior dislocation of femur from tibia (or anterior dislocation of tibia)

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9
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

ACL
medial meniscus
MCL

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10
Q

What is the anterior drawer sign?

A

ability to displace the tibia anteriorly after ACL injury

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11
Q

What position puts more tension on the PCL?

A

flexion (sitting)

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12
Q

What in the function of the PCL?

A

prevents anterior displacement of the femur or posterior displacement of the tibia

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13
Q

What are the menisci?

A

fibrocartilagenous circular plates on the tibia

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14
Q

What motion injures the menisci?

A

rotational injuries

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15
Q

What makes meniscus difficult to heal?

A

poor blood supply

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16
Q

Which meniscus has more mobility?

A

lateral

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17
Q

What sits between the LCL and lateral meniscus?

A

popliteus tendon

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18
Q

What are the three branches of the popliteal artery?

A

anterior tibial
posterior tibial
fibular

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19
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

posterior compartments muscles

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20
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

lateral compartment

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21
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

anterior compartment

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22
Q

What are the 4 leg compartments?

A

anterior
lateral
deep posterior
superficial posterior

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23
Q

What is the action of the superficial posterior muscles?

A

plantarflexion

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24
Q

What are the three superficial posterior muscles?

A

gastocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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25
Q

What is the triceps surae?

A

two heads of gastroc and soleus joining into one Achilles tendon

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26
Q

What nerve roots innervate the superficial posterior muscles?

A

S1-S2 (I’m taller than you)

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27
Q

What are the deep posterior muscles?

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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28
Q

What is the action of the tibialis posterior?

A

plantarflextion

inversion

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29
Q

What vascularizes the knee joint?

A

genicular arteries

30
Q

What passes through the tarsal tunnel (ant to post)?

A 
tom
dick
artery
nerve
harry
31
Q

What is the action of the lateral compartment muscles?

A

eversion

32
Q

What are the two lateral muscles?

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

33
Q

What is the action of the anterior muscles?

A

dorsiflexion

34
Q

What are the four anterior muscles?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum
fibularis tertius
extensor hallucis longus

35
Q

What nerve and artery run through the anterior compartment?

A

deep fibular nerve

anterior tibial artery

36
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery become?

A

dorsalis pedis

37
Q

Where does the deep fibular nerve provide sensation?

A

between 1st 2 toes (flip flop)

38
Q

What is a complication of fibular head fracture?

A

common fibular nerve damage (drop foot)

39
Q

In what position is the ankle most stable?

A

dorsiflexion (anterior trochlea is wider)

40
Q

What ligaments prevent inversion?

A

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

41
Q

What ligaments prevent eversion?

A

deltoid ligaments

42
Q

What are the 7 tarsals?

A 
talus
calcaneous
navicular
cuboid
med/int/lat cuneiform
43
Q

What causes talus fractures?

A

forced dorsiflexion

44
Q

Where does the blood supply enter the talus?

A

neck (fractures lead to avascular necrosis)

45
Q

What part of the calcaneous do you stand on?

A

calcaneal tuberosity

46
Q

What is the function of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous?

A

supports the talus

FHL tendon runs under it as a fulcrum

47
Q

What is a complication of a calcaneous fracture at the subtalar joint?

A

arthritis

48
Q

What is a common MOI for a 5th metatarsal head fracture?

A

avulsion from inversion sprain

49
Q

What is the name of the deep fascia on the bottom of the foot?

A

plantar fascia and plantar aponeurosis

50
Q

What are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis?

A

protection of neurovasculature
arch support
muscular attachment
compartmentalization

51
Q

What are the 4 foot compartments?

A

medial
lateral
central
interosseous

52
Q

Where do the foot lumbrical muscles of the foot originate?

A

FDL tendons

53
Q

In which later of the foot muscle is the neurovasculature?

A

second layer

54
Q

What intrinsic muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

A

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
1st medial lumbrical

55
Q

What nerve roots innervate the foot intrinsic muscles?

A

S2-S3 (play footsie with me)

56
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

57
Q

What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

A

4 intrinsic muscles

sensory to distal medial foot and 3.5 toes (similar to median nerve)

58
Q

What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

A

most intrinsic muscles

sensory to distal lateral foot and 1.5 toes (similar to ulnar nerve)

59
Q

What are the two branches of the posterior tibial artery?

A

medial/lateral plantar arteries

60
Q

What does the medial plantar artery vascularize?

A

medial foot and half of big toe

61
Q

What does the lateral plantar artery vascularize?

A

everything else via the deep plantar arch (4.5 toes)

62
Q

What actions occur in the subtalar joint?

A

inversion/eversion

63
Q

What is the major ligament that stabilizes the subtalar joint?

A

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

64
Q

What is the transverse talar joint?

A

two joints:
calcaneocuboid
talonavicular

65
Q

What ligament stabilizes the transverse talar joint?

A

bifurcate ligament

66
Q

What are the three arches?

A

medial/lat longitudinal

transverse

67
Q

What tendons support the arches? (4)

A

tibialis posterior
tibialis anterior
fibularis longus
flexor hallucis longus

68
Q

What ligaments support the arches?

A 
calcaneonavicular ligament (spring)
long plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosis
69
Q

What is the most common cause of plantar fasciitis?

A

repetitive stretches and tears

70
Q

Review Dr. K’s bottom line concepts for the foot

A

do it now

MSK Block (19 decks)

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