Anatomy: Gluteal Flashcards
What are the three hip bones?
ilium
ischium
pubis
What separates the hip bones in kids?
tri-radiate cartilage
Where does the head of the femur articulate?
lunate surface of acetabulum
What is Congenital Hip Dysplasia?
femur isn’t positioned correctly in the acetabulum
What is a normal acetabular index?
less than 30 degrees
What are the three ligaments of the hip joint capsule?
iliofemoral (anterior)
pubofemoral (anterior/inferior)
ischiofemoral (posterior)
In what position are the ligaments of the hip joint capsule relaxed?
sitting
What sits inside the hip joint? (3)
acetabular labrum (transverse acetabular ligament)
ligament of the head
artery of the head (from obturator)
What arteries supply the femoral head?
medial circumflex (profundal) lateral circumflex (profundal) retinacular arteries (branches from circumflex) artery of the head (obturator)
What are two common locations for hip fractures?
femoral neck
intertrochanteric
What is a complication of femoral neck fracture?
avascular necrosis
What ligaments stabilize the sacroiliac joints?
dorsal and ventral sacroiliac ligaments
What are the two strong ligaments that stabilize the sacrum and pelvis?
sacrotuberous
sacrospinous
What are the 4 openings in the pelvis?
greater and lesser sciatic foramen
obturator canal
under the inguinal ligament
What 5 structures exit the greater sciatic foramen?
piriformis sciatic nerve superior/inferior gluteal nerves & vessels posterior femoral cutaneous nerve pudendal nerve/internal pudendal artery
What 2 structures run through the lesser sciatic foramen?
obturator internus tendon
pudendal nerve/internal pudendar artery
Gluteus maximus
sacrum to gluteal tuberosity and IT band
extend and lateral rotation
inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius and minimus
ilium to greater trochanter
abduction & gait stability
superior gluteal nerve
What is Trendelenburg Gait?
shifting body weight during ambulation
weakness of gluteus medius/minimus or damage to superior gluteal nerve
weight is shifted over the weakened side
What are the 5 lateral rotators of the hip?
obturator internus
superior/inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
piriformis
Where does the Piriformis exit the hip and attach
greater sciatic foramen
greater trochanter
Where does the obturator internus exit the hip and attach?
lesser sciatic foramen
greater trochanter
What are the hamstrings?
semimembranosus (medial)
semitendinosus (medial)
biceps femoris (lateral)
What innervates the hamstrings?
sciatic
Which hamstring is most commonly injured?
biceps femoris
Where do the hamstrings arise?
ischial tuberosity
What vascularizes the hamstrings?
perforating arteries from deep femoral artery
What does the popliteus muscle do?
unlocks the knee joint and allows the hamstrings to flex
What 2 nerves make up the sciatic?
tibial
common fibular
Where does the sciatic nerve exit the hip?
greater sciatic foramen
below the piriformis
Where does the sciatic nerve exit the hip?
greater sciatic foramen
below the piriformis
What are 2 complications from a posterior hip dislocation?
sciatic nerve injury
avascular necrosis
How does a hip dislocation present?
leg is shortened and internally rotated
