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MSK Block > Anatomy: Shoulder & Arm > Flashcards

Anatomy: Shoulder & Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

Lateral

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2
Q

Where is the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

What is the significance of the surgical neck?

A

Commonly fractured

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4
Q

Where does the coracoid process point?

A

Humerus head

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5
Q

What happens to the scapula during abduction?

A

Lateral rotation

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6
Q

What gives the shoulder so much mobility?

A

Ability of the scapula to glide and rotate

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7
Q

Serratus anterior OIAI

A

Ribs
Scapular medial birder
Laterally rotates and protracted scapula
Long thoracic nerve (C5-7, superficial side)

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8
Q

What is winged scapula?

A

Transsection of the long thoracic nerve paralyzed serratus anterior

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9
Q

What are the three groups of shoulder muscles?

A

Superficial posterior
Deep posterior
Scapulohumeral

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10
Q

What are the superficial posterior shoulder muscles?

A

Traps

Lats

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11
Q

What are the deep posterior shoulder muscles?

A

Levator scapula

Rhomboids

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12
Q

What innervates the deep posterior shoulder muscles?

A

C5

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13
Q

What are the scapulohumeral muscles?

A 
Deltoid
Teres major
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
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14
Q

Deltoid OIAI

A

Clavicle, scapula
Deltoid tuberosity
Abductor
Axillary nerve (C5)

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15
Q

What is a complication of surgical neck fractures?

A

Axillary nerve damage

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16
Q

Teres major OIAI

A

Scapula
Bicipetal groove
Adduction
Lower subscapular nerve (C5-6)

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17
Q

What makes up the rotator cuff?

A

Supra
Infra
Teres minor
Sub

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18
Q

Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert? Innervation?

A

Supra- greater tubercle (suprascapular nerve)
Infra- greater tubercle (suprascapular nerve)
Sub- lesser tubercle (upper & lower subscapular nerves)
Teres minor- greater tubercle (axillary nerve)

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19
Q

Where does the supraspinatus tendon travel?

A

Subacromial space

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20
Q

What separates the supraspinatus from the acromion?

A

Subacromial bursa

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21
Q

What is the most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle?

A

Supra

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22
Q

What travels through the suprascapular notch?

A 
Suprascapular nerve ( under ligament)
Suprascapular artery (over ligament)
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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the Quadrangular space?

A

Teres major/minor
Long head of triceps
Surgical neck of humerus

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24
Q

What is the function of the clavicle?

A

allows the scapula to glide along the wall

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25
Q

What is the most commonly broken bone?

A

clavicle

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26
Q

What lies under the clavicle?

A

brachial plexus

subclavian artery/vein

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27
Q

Where does the upper extremity articulate with the axial skeleton?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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28
Q

What ligaments support the SC joint? (4)

A

anterior SC
posterior SC
interclavicular
costoclavicular

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29
Q

What kind of joint is the SC?

A

synovial with intra-articular disc

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30
Q

What kind of joint is thte AC?

A

synovial

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31
Q

What ligaments support the AC?

A

acromioclavicular

coracoclavicular* (pair)

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32
Q

What is a 2nd degree AC injury?

A

subluxation, rupture of AC ligament

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33
Q

What is a 3rd degree AC injury?

A

dislocation, rupture of all three ligaments

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34
Q

What is a 1st degree AC injury?

A

sprain, injury but no rupture

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35
Q

What are the anterior thoracoappendicular muscles?

A

pecs
subclavius
serratus anterior

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36
Q

Pec major OIAI

A

clavicle/sternum
lateral lip of bicipetal groove
adductor and internal rotator
medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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37
Q

Pec minor OIAI

A

ribs
coracoid
stabilizes scapula
medial pectoral nerve

38
Q

What goes under the pec minor?

A

axillary artery/vein

brachial plexus

39
Q

What is the subscapular artery vascularize?

A

scapula, turns into the thoracodorsal

40
Q

Waht do the a/p humeral circumflex vascularize?

A

humerus

41
Q

What are the five segments of the brachial plexus?

A 
roots
trunks
divisions
cords
branches
42
Q

What spinal nerves form the brachial plexus roots?

A

C5 - T1 (5 roots)

43
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior (C5-6)
Middle (C7)
Inferior (C8-T1)

44
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

anterior and posterior of each trunk

45
Q

What do the anterior divisions innervate?

A

anterior (flexor) muscles

46
Q

What do the posterior divisions innervate?

A

posterior muscles

47
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

lateral (anterior superior/middle)
medial (anterior inferior)
posterior (all posterior)

48
Q

What are the 5 branches?

A 
musculocutaneous (C5-7)
axillary (C5-6)
radial (C5-T1)
median (C5-T1)
ulnar (C8-T1)
49
Q

What branches does the lateral cord give?

A

musculocutaneous

median

50
Q

What branches does the medial cord give?

A

median

ulnar

51
Q

What branches does the posterior cord give?

A

axillary

radial

52
Q

What muscles surround the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

middle and anterior scalenes

53
Q

What does the axillary sheath originate from?

A

prevertebral fascia

54
Q

What is in the axillary sheath?

A

brachial plexus

axillary artery

55
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

A

relation to the axillary artery

56
Q

What non-plexus nerve provides sensation to the armpit?

A

intercostobrachial nerve (T2)

57
Q

Wha inserts into the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

biceps long head

58
Q

What overlies the lateral condyle?

A

capitulum

59
Q

What overlies the medial condyle?

A

trochlea

60
Q

What fossas are on the anterior distal humerus?

A

radial

coranoid

61
Q

What runs in the radial groove of the humerus?

A

radial nerve

deep brachial artery

62
Q

What runs in the ulnar groove?

A

ulnar nerve

63
Q

What does the axillary nerve wrap around?

A

surical neck

64
Q

What are perforating veins?

A

connect deep and superficial veins

65
Q

What are the superficial veins of the arm?

A

basilic (medial)

cephalic (lateral)

66
Q

What is the association between deep veins and arteries?

A

two veins with artery in the middle

67
Q

Where does the cephalic vein go deep?

A

deltopectoral triangle

68
Q

Where is the median cubital vein?

A

antecubital fossa

69
Q

What are the four sections of deep fascia of the arm?

A

brachial
pectoral
deltoid
antebrachial

70
Q

What divides the arm into a/p compartments?

A

septa from brachial fascia

71
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm? Innervation?

A

biceps
brachilais
coracobrachialis
I - musculocutaneous

72
Q

Biceps brachii OIAI

A

O - coracoid, supraglenoid tubercle
I - radial tuberosity
A - supination, flexion (2 joints)
I - musculocutaneous

73
Q

Which muscles in general are most likely to tear?

A

those that cross 2 major joints

74
Q

Brachialis OIAI

A

O - distal humerus
I - ulna
A - chief flexor
I - musculocutaneous

75
Q

coracobrachialis OIAI

A

O - coracoid
I - middle humerus
A - adductor
I - musculocutaneous (pierces this muscle)

76
Q

What does the musculocutaneous innervate?

A

anterior compartment arm muscles

77
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous originate from?

A

musculocutaneous

78
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve do?

A

sensation to lateral forearm

79
Q

What accompanies the brachial artery?

A

median nerve

80
Q

What are the branches of the brachial artery?

A

deep brachial

superior & inferior ulnar collateral

81
Q

Triceps OIAI

A

infraglenoid tubercle, posterior humerus (distal and proximal)
olecranon process
extensor
radial nerve (C6-8)

82
Q

Where does the radial nerve run?

A

triangular interval (between triceps heads) with the deep brachial artery

83
Q

What are all extensors in the arm/forearm innervated by?

A

radial nerve

84
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

surround the humerus and deepen the glenoid cavity

85
Q

What holds the humerus in the glenoid cavity?

A

rotator cuff tendons
fibrous capsule
biceps tendon

86
Q

What holds the biceps tendon in the bicipetal groove?

A

transverse humeral ligament

87
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial ligament?

A

prevent superior dislocation

88
Q

What is commonly torn in GH dislocations (3)? Most common direction?

A

direction: anterior-inferior
labrum
anterior capsule
subscapularis tendon

89
Q

What innervates the medial skin of the upper limb?

A

medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm

90
Q

What innervates the lateral arm?

A

superior lateral cutaneous nerve (from axillary)

91
Q

What happens after the labrum is torn?

A

GH easily dislocates afterwards

MSK Block (19 decks)

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