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MSK Block > Anatomy: Forearm & Hand > Flashcards

Anatomy: Forearm & Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What connects the radius and ulna? Function?

A

interosseous membrane

stability, muscle attachment, compartmentalization

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2
Q

What is a Colles’ fracture?

A

distal radius displaces dorsally after FOOSH

dinner fork deformity

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3
Q

What carpals articulate with the radius?

A

scaphoid

lunate

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4
Q

What runs through the cubital fossa?

A

brachial artery

median nerve

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5
Q

What are the two thickenings of the antebrachial fascia?

A 
extensor retinaculum (posterior)
Palmar carpal ligament (anterior)
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6
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

deeper anterior ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

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7
Q

Brachioradialis AI

A

flexor of elbow

radial nerve

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8
Q

Supinator AI

A

supinates hands

deep radial nerve

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9
Q

What is the action of the anterior forearm muscles?

A

flexors

pronators

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10
Q

What is the action of the posterior forearm muscles?

A

extensors

supinators

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11
Q

What are the superficial flexor-pronators?

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
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12
Q

Superficial flexor-pronator origin and innervation?

A 
medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)
median nerve (ulnaris - ulnar nerve)
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13
Q

What are the deep flexor-pronators?

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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14
Q

Deep flexor-pronator innervation?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

medial FDP - ulnar nerve

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15
Q

What are the pronator muscles?

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

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16
Q

Pronator quadratus innervation?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

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17
Q

Pronator teres innervation?

A

median nerve

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation/action?

A

flexor of 4 fingers PIP

median nerve

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19
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus innervation/action?

A

flexor of 4 fingers DIP
medial - ulnar nerve
lateral - AIN

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20
Q

Where do the forearm extensors originate? Innervation?

A

lateral epicondyle

radial nerve

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21
Q

What are the 3 wrist extensors?

A

extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis

extensor carpi ulnaris

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22
Q

What are the digit extensors?

A

extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor indicis (pointer finger)

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23
Q

What is the extensor expansion?

A

extensor tendons that attach to middle phalanx with one band and distal phalanx with lateral bands

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24
Q

What are the abductors/extensors of the thumb?

A

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis longus/brevis

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25
Q

What holds the extensor tendons in place at the wrist?

A

extensor retinaculum

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box? Contents?

A

thumb extensor tendons

radial artery and scaphoid bone

27
Q

What is De Quervian’s Tenosynovitis?

A

snuff box tendonitis, common from lifting/holding babies

28
Q

What does the superficial radial nerve innervate?

A

skin on the back of the hand (radial side 3 fingers)

29
Q

What does the deep radial nerve innervate?

A

extensors (as posterior interosseous nerve)

30
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
part of FDP
medial hand sensation
hand muscles

31
Q

What is the Canal of Guyon?

A

passage of ulnar nerve through wrist

32
Q

How can you find the median nerve?

A

Passes between FDS and FDP

33
Q

What are the branches of the median nerve?

A 
AIN
palmar branch (doesn't pass through flexor retinaculum)
34
Q

What ligaments stabilize the elbow?

A

UCL
RCL
annular ligament of radius (radio-ulnar)

35
Q

What does Tommy John surgery repair?

A

UCL

36
Q

What is Nursemaids elbow?

A

radial head dislocation, easy in kids

37
Q

What stabilizes metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

palmar plates and deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

38
Q

What is Game Keepers Thumb or Skiers Thumb?

A

UCL tear at the thumb with fracture or dislocation of the thumb base

39
Q

What are the 6 movements of the thumb?

A

abduction/adduction (saggital)
flexion/extension (frontal)
opposition/reposition

40
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

41
Q

Mnemonic for carpals?

A

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

42
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal?

A

scaphoid (fracture can disrupt blood flow)

43
Q

What is the most commonly dislocated carpal?

A

lunate

44
Q

What is the significance of the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A

commonly arthritic (metacarpal-trapezium)

45
Q

What is a boxer’s fracture?

A

fracture of 5th metacarpal head

46
Q

What are the 5 compartments of the hand?

A 
hypothenar
central
thenar
adductor
interosseous
47
Q

What is the fascia called from wrist to finger?

A

palmar carpal ligament
palmar aponeurosis
longitudinal slips
fibrous digital sheaths

48
Q

What causes trigger finger?

A

damaged flexor tendon gets a nodule that gets caught at the fibrous sheath

49
Q

Hypothenar compartment location and contents?

A 
medial
3 intrinsic muscles:
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
deep branch of ulnar nerve
50
Q

Thenar compartment location and contents?

A 
lateral
3 intrinsic muscles:
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis (with sesamoid)
opponens pollicis (opposer)
recurrent branch of median nerve
51
Q

What is ape hand?

A

thenar atrophy due to loss of recurrent median nerve

52
Q

Adductor compartment location/contents?

A

deep to thenar
adductor pollicis
deep branch of ulnar nerve

53
Q

Central compartment location/contents?

A

anterior middle
FDS/FDP tendons
lumbrical muscles (originate from FD tendons)
median and ulnar nerves

54
Q

Lumbrical muscles action and innervation?

A

flex MCP joints and extend PIP/DIPs (bye-bye muscles)
medial 2: ulnar
lateral 2: median

55
Q

Interosseous compartment location and contents?

A

posterior medial
3 palmar interossei muscles (adduct 2,4,5 fingers)
4 dorsal interossei (abduct 2,3,4 fingers)
deep ulnar nerve

56
Q

What runs through the carpal tunnel?

A

4 tendons of FDS
4 tendons of FDP
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

57
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

thenar muscles
2 lumbricals
3.5 fingers sensation

58
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand?

A

1.5 fingers sensation

all other intrinsic muscles besides thenar and 2 lumbricals

59
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?

A

canal of Guyon

60
Q

What does the ulnar artery vascularize in the hand?

A

3.5 fingers via superficial palmar arch

61
Q

What does the radial artery vascularize in the hand?

A

1.5 fingers via deep palmar arch

MSK Block (19 decks)

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