Metabolic Disease

Question 1

Most common form of dwarfism

Answer 1

Achondroplasia

Question 2

Common cause of achondroplasia

Answer 2

Sporadic mutation

Question 3

Torso normal while limbs are shortened, normal mental status

Answer 3

Achondroplasia

Question 4

Macrocephaly, frontal bossing, saddle like nose, maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism

Answer 4

Achondroplasia

Question 5

Dwarfism caused by under secretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary gland

Answer 5

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 6

Short stature, normal body proportions, within normal limit of mental status

Answer 6

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 7

Overproduction of growth hormone usually due to tumor before adolescence

Answer 7

Gigantism

Question 8

Extreme height, enlarged facial soft tissues, enlarged hands and feet

Answer 8

Gigantism

Question 9

Mandibular prognathism, true macrodontia, Hypercementosis

Answer 9

Gigantism

Question 10

Excess production of growth hormone after adolescence

Answer 10

Acromegaly

Question 11

Most common thyroid anomaly, females

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism

Question 12

Congenital defect, iodine deficiency goiter, hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 12

Hypothyroidism

Question 13

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 13

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 14

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 14

Over tx of hyperthyroidism

Question 15

Puffiness of face and eyelids, non pitting edema, swelling of larynx

Answer 15

Hypothyroidism

Question 16

Lethargic , weak, bradycardia, dry skinn, hypothermia, weight gain, cold intolerance

Answer 16

Hypothyroidism

Question 17

Delayed eruption of teeth, retained deciduous teeth, underdeveloped mandible, enlarged tongue and thickened lips

Answer 17

Hypothyroidism

Question 18

Hypothyroidism in adults, glycosaminoglycans deposition in skin

Answer 18

Myxedema

Question 19

Hypothyroidism in children, mental retardation, short stature, delayed tooth eruption, mandibular dysplasia, swollen face and lips

Answer 19

Cretinism

Question 20

Excessive production of thyroid hormones T3 & T4

Answer 20

Hyperthyroidism/ Thyrotoxicosis

Question 21

Premature loss of deciduous teeth, premature eruption of permanent teeth

Answer 21

Hyperthyroidism

Question 22

Autoantibodies directed towards receptors of TSH

Answer 22

Graves disease/ diffuse toxic goiter

Question 23

60-90% hyperthyroidism caused by

Answer 23

Graves’ disease

Question 24

Goiter, exophthalmos

Answer 24

Graves’ disease

Question 25

Thyroid gland contains autonomously functioning thyroid nodules

Answer 25

Plummer’s disease/ toxic nodular goiter

Question 26

Common consequence of low Parathyroid hormone

Answer 26

Hypocalcemia

Question 27

Tetany & metabolic alkalosis

Answer 27

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 28

Chvostek sign, trousseau sign

Answer 28

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 29

Twitching of upper lip when facial nerve is tapped below zygomatic process

Answer 29

Chvostek sign

Question 30

Pitting enamel hypoplasia, blunted root apices, delayed eruption

Answer 30

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 31

Von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone

Answer 31

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 32

Functional parathyroid adenoma or parathyroid hyperplasia

Answer 32

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 33

Chronic Renal disease, chronic low levels of calcium causes

Answer 33

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 34

Stones, bones. Groans, moans

Answer 34

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 35

Generalized loss of lamina dura, loose teeth, malocclusion, cortical thinning, alterations in trabecular pattern

Answer 35

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 36

Ground glass, brown tumor

Answer 36

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 37

Severe osseous changes of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 37

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Question 38

Accumulations of hemosiderin and extravasated red blood cells

Answer 38

Brown tumor in hyperparathyroidism

Question 39

Deficiency in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase

Answer 39

Hypophosphatasia

Question 40

Premature loss of primary teeth, alveolar bone loss, enlarged pulp chambers, deficient root development

Answer 40

Hypophosphatasia

Question 41

Deficiency of vitamin D in adults which will cause softening of bone due to defective bone mineralization

Answer 41

Osteomalacia

Question 42

Hourglass thorax, bowing of long bones, increased fractures, biconcave vertebral bodies, alkaline phosphatase level high

Answer 42

Osteomalacia

Question 43

Osteomalacia in children

Answer 43

Rickets

Question 44

Weakening of bone due to loss of calcium, phosphorus causing increased risk of bone fractures

Answer 44

Osteoporosis

Question 45

Most common metabolic bone disorder

Answer 45

Osteoporosis

Question 46

Older age, reduced amount of estrogen in females

Answer 46

Osteoporosis-Primary

Question 47

Thinned cortical bone, decreased cancellous trabeculation, enlargement of medullary cavity, decreased bone density

Answer 47

Osteoporosis

Question 48

Increase in bone density, reduced osteoclastic activity

Answer 48

Osteopetrosis

Question 49

Osteomyelitis, diminished bone vascularity, tooth roots difficult to visualize

Answer 49

Osteopetrosis

Question 50

Osteopenia & bone fragility due to mutation in type I collagen genes. Less or poor quality collagen

Answer 50

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Question 51

Fragile bones, blue sclerae, joint hyperextendibility, low muscle tone, hearing loss, curved spine, Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 51

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Question 52

Triangular faces, frontal bossing, flattened vertex and skull base

Answer 52

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Question 53

Most common and most severe forms of osteogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 53

Most common - type I Most severe- type II

Question 54

Abnormal resorption and deposition of bone, weakening, male over 50. Pelvis, skull, tibia, vertebrae, humerus, sternum

Answer 54

Paget’s disease/ osteitis deformans

Question 55

Bones thick, enlarge, weak, increased risk of fracture, bone pain and bowing deformities

Answer 55

Paget’s disease

Question 56

Elevated skin temperature over affected bone, hypervascularity. Progressive growth of the head

Answer 56

Paget’s disease

Question 57

Denture doesn’t fit anymore, bilateral symmetrical jaw enlargement, acquired diastemas, loose teeth

Answer 57

Paget’s disease

Question 58

Hypercementosis, obliteration of PDL, root resorption

Answer 58

Paget’s disease

Question 59

Cotton wool appearance

Answer 59

Paget’s disease

Question 60

Osteoblast and osteoclasts forming mosaic pattern

Answer 60

Paget’s disease

Question 61

Increased alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline levels

Answer 61

Paget’s disease

Question 62

Tx for Paget’s

Answer 62

Calcitonin and bisphosphonates

Question 63

Cherubism most common in

Answer 63

Mandible, children by 5 years of age

Question 64

Bilateral painless bony expansion. Chubby cheeks. Eyes upturned to heaven

Answer 64

Cherubism

Question 65

Mastication problems, speech difficulty, upper airway obstruction, vision and hearing loss

Answer 65

Cherubism

Question 66

Well defined multilocular radiolucencies, soap bubble in maxilla with maxillary antrum obliteration

Answer 66

Cherubism

Question 67

Multinucleated giant cells, perivascular collagen cuffing

Answer 67

Cherubism