metabolic abnormalities

Question 1

Conns syndrome

Answer 1

Low K+ and Normal/ high Na+

Question 2

Addisons

Answer 2

Hyperkalaemia metabolic acidosis

Question 3

Cushing’s disease

Answer 3

Hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

Ix findings in SIADH

Answer 4

U+E = hyponatraemia
Urinary sodium / osmolaltiy will be HIGH
Serum osmolality = LOW
BUT EUOVOLEMIC –> normal BP + skin turgor etc

Question 5

How slow should you replace sodium in SIADH and why

Answer 5

10 mmol/l per 24 hours
to prevent central pontine myelinolysis

Question 6

SIADH causes mnemonic

Answer 6

S - surgery
I - intracranial –> infection (meningitis) / CVA
A - Alveolar –> malignancy / pus (atypical pneu or TB)
D - Drugs –> thiazide diuretics, carbamazepine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, antipsychotics, SSRIs, NSAIDSs
H - Head injury

Question 7

FLuid restriction in SIADH

Answer 7

500-1000ml