endocrine kmn

Question 1

Sx of hypercalcaemia

Answer 1

• Renal stones
• Painful bones
• Abdominal groans refers to symptoms of constipation, nausea and vomiting
• Psychiatric moans refers to symptoms of fatigue, depression and psychosis

Question 2

Primary hyperthyroidism is caused by

Answer 2

uncontrolled parathyroid hormone produced directly by a tumour of the parathyroid glands

Question 3

Mx of primary hyperparathyroid

Answer 3

surgical removal of tumour

Question 4

Secondary hyperparaythoid is caused by

Answer 4

CKD or vit D deficiency
parathyroid glands reacts to the low serum calcium by excreting more parathyroid hormone –> Over time the hyperplasia cos need to produce more PTH to keep calcium right

Question 5

Labs in secondary hyperparathyroid

Answer 5

-Ca = low/normal
-PTH = high

Question 6

what causes tertiary parathyroid

Answer 6

secondary for long time –> permanent hyperplasia
when initial cause of secondary fixed PTH remains high
means hypercalcaemia

Question 7

The rule of Es is

Answer 7

Excessive PTH results in excessive phosphate excretion