acid base balance

Question 1

how to work out anion gap

Answer 1

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

Question 2

normal anion gap

Answer 2

10-18 mmol/L

Question 3

Causes of normal anion gap mneumonic

Answer 3

HARDASS

Question 4

HARDASS stands for

Answer 4

H- hyperalimentation
A - Addisons
R- Renal tubular acidosis
D - diarrhoea
A - Acetazolamide
S - Spirinolactone
S- saline infusion

Question 5

Mnemonic for raised anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

A CAT MUDPILES

Question 6

A CAT MUDPILES

Answer 6

A- Aspirin
C - Cyanide, carbon monoxide
A - Alcoholic ketoacidosis
T - Toluene
M - Methanol, metformin
U - Uraemia
D - Diabetic ketoacidosis
P - Phenformin, pyroglutamic acid, paraldehyde, propylene glycol, paracetamol
I - Iron, isoniazid
L - Lactate (numerous causes)
E - Ethanol, ethylene glycol
S - Salicylates