Mental Illness- Gottesman

Question 1

What are the monoamines?

Answer 1

Serotonin (controls N & D)

Dopamine (mood)

Noradrenaline (activity levels)

Question 2

Depression theory one?

Answer 2

Stress lowers serotonin

Noradrenaline and dopamine misbalanced

Lowered mood and activity levels

Question 3

Schizophrenia theory?

Answer 3

Enzymes in synapses decreases noradrenaline levels

Increased dopamine means hallucinations and messes with speech areas

Question 4

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Answer 4

Prevent MA reabsorption

Question 5

Tricyclics?

Answer 5

Prevents noradrenaline and serotonin

Side effects like fatigue

Question 6

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Answer 6

Prevents only S réabsorption

Question 7

What is schizophrenia caused by?

Answer 7

Caused by increased or decreased dopamine in PFC.

Question 8

What did Purdon do?

Answer 8

Gave drugs

LH weak so right hand weak

Gave drugs

Increased strength in right hand

Drugs work

Question 9

Juckel

Answer 9

Depression means lower VS activity

Means depression

Caused by lower D, N or S

Question 10

Milo?

Answer 10

Hypo-perfusion in brain = lower blood flow.

ECT brought those levels up almost immediately

Question 11

Coffey

Answer 11

Lower PFC activity = lower thinking

Question 12

Serotonin transporter genes

Answer 12

3 types

Short long

Short short (depression)

Long long

Question 13

Polygenic?
Aetilogically homogeneous?
Aetilogically heterogeneous?

Answer 13

Polygenic= many genes contribute
Aetilogically homogeneous= 1 symptom stems from 1 gene
Aetilogically heterogeneous= many symptoms from many genes = hard to cure.

Question 14

Aim Gottesman?

Answer 14

Likelihood of kids inheriting MI when one or both parents inherits themselves

Question 15

Sample

Answer 15

From 2.7 million Danish kids

83 BxB gives 146 kids

196 SxS gives 270 kids

Question 16

Design

Answer 16

Cohort study

IV- diagnoses parent

DV- diagnoses kid

Question 17

Method

Answer 17

Parent diagnosed by ICD

Later check if kids have anything

Question 18

Results

Answer 18

SxS- 27.3% kids had too

0 parents- 1.12%

BxB- 24.9% kids had too

Question 19

Conclusions

Answer 19

1.12% vs 27.3% suggest genetics play huge role

Hard to tell if environmental though

Question 20

Ethics

Answer 20

• antipsychotics to quite pateints not to cure
• short term use recommended but against human rights
• side effects like tardive dyskinesia

Question 21

Usefulness

Answer 21

• research provides drugs
• Arroll- tricyclics vs placebo. 60% patients felt benefit of tricyclics. If all biological would increase to 100% surely.
• Thornley- chlorpromazine associated in better focus and fewer symptoms in 1100 patients

Question 22

Nature vs nurture

Answer 22

Nature

• genetics
• abnormal brain structure
• drugs work so must be to di with brain structure in some way

Nurture

• oxygen starvation at birth
• prenatal exposure to flu
• being influenced by parents behaviour growing up

Question 23

Freewill vs determinism

Answer 23

Deterministic

• brain abnormalities
• genetic vulnerability

Question 24

Individual vs situational

Answer 24

Individual

• brain chemistry
• genes
• brain physiology

Situational

• poverty
• environment growing up
• work stress

Question 25

Psychology as a science

Answer 25

• biological
• objective
• brand new technologies however cant really tell if accurate
• drugs are pretty effective