Criminal- Wilson and Kelling Flashcards
why do psychologists agree that the Pruitt- Igoe project was unsuccessful?
it didn’t have defensible spaces
there was diminished responsibility
a reduced community feel
what is meant by diminished responsibility
its a secondary area
where they live us too big with a reduced community feel
residents dont own the place so why should they take care of it
what is meant by a defensible space
a sense of belonging will make you want to defend it and look after it
in pruitt- igoe there was a high turnover rate with plenty of strangers moving in on a regular basis
stairwells unowned so many drug users etc
communal areas were shared 1/20.
what did Newman & Frank suggest about improving the quality of life in high- rise flats
improve point of access- 1 point of entry
more surveillance- lighting and cameras
sense of ownership- more communal areas, trees and benches, things to make it look nice and loved.
what are zero tolerance policies
all crime should be prosecuted, even antisocial and low- level crime
Pollard- brutal police encounters stopped civilians and made them trust the police less.
Bratton- increased crime in NYC. he hired 7000 new police officers for foot patrol to prevent crime not just stop it. serious crime decreased by 37% and homicide by 50%
target hardening
crime is harder cameras rational choice theory- weighing up pros and cons weighing up benefits displacement if crime
alley gating
has poor lighting
is a crime hotspot
putting on gates with passwords makes getting in and out harder
Aim
review
challenge fear of crime and police
design
case study
review
no IV or DV
Newark foot patrol
improve quality life
residents felt more at ease but police felt useless
police were preventing and stopping crime
crime happened less
Broken window theory
Zimbardo left a nice car on a street in the Bronx and in Palo Alto in California. the car in Bronx lasted a 10 minutes before being completely ruined with car steroe and battery being removed. after a week in Palo alto however no change. When Zimbardo smashed a window in however it all changed and the car was annihilated very quickly
the theory that once an area has damage then others will follow suit. diminished responsibility.
what does atomized
The Broken window theory applies to humans too, as they become ‘atomized’ and isolated from their community so they no longer care. This can be seen in the elderly as they lock themselves away behind doors to prevent themselves becoming a victim.
75% will cross the street if there is a gang, 50% if there is only 1 teen
crime fighters
used in WWII to make arrests
all crime criminalised
community should do voluntary foot patrols
police should do rights of all over rights of the few
earns people trust to gain rapport
targeting resources
BWT, areas with broken bits are too late and cant be saved
rich areas are safe too
areas on the brink of chaos only
conclusions
distinction between high and low level crime made by BWT. areas should be maintained by foot patrol and volunteering
