Mental Health Medications (96) Flashcards
ZOLPIDEM: Nursing Considerations
- Dosage may need to be reduced in patient using a CNS depressant, to avoid an addictive effect
- Side effects increase with prolonged usage
- May cause “sleep driving”
- May worsen depression
- Monitor for suicidal thoughts or behavior
- Rx C-IV; Preg Cat B
ZOLPIDEM: Side Effects
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- “Drugged” feeling
- Abnormal thinking
- Leukopenia
- Myalgia
ZOLPIDEM: Purpose
Short-term treatment of insomnia
ZALEPLON: Nursing Considerations
- Elderly patients generally benefit the most
- Because of rapid onset, patients should take immediately before bedtime
- Avoid alcohol while using this medication
- May be habit-forming
- “Sleep driving” may occur
- Rx C-IV; Preg Cat C
ZALEPLON: Side Effects
- Headache, tremors
- Myalgia
- Dizziness, confusion
- Bronchitis
- Dyspepsia, dry mouth
- Eye pain, vision change
ZALEPLON: Purpose
Short-term treatment of insomnia
TEMAZEPAM: Nursing Considerations
- Should be avoided in patients under the age of 18
- Avoid alcohol while taking this drug
- Not intended for use for more than 10 days
- Take without regard to food
- Increases the effect of CNS depressants
- “Sleep driving” may occur, especially if taken with alcohol or CNS depressants
- Rx C-IV; Preg Cat X
TEMAZEPAM: Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness, headache
- Lethargy, fatigue
- Weakness
- Euphoria
- Chest pain, hypotension
- Blurred vision
- Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
TEMAZEPAM: Purpose
Short-term treatment of insomnia
LITHIUM: Nursing Considerations
- Use caution in potentially hazardous activities
- Check serum levels twice weekly during treatment, q 2–3 months on maintenance; draw blood in a.m. prior to dose
- Target serum levels: treatment = 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L, maintenance = 0.6–1.2 mEq/L
- Take with meals to avoid GI upset
- Onset of therapeutic effects in 1–2 weeks
- Dose reduced during depressive stages of illness
- Encourage 10–12 glasses water/day and adequate salt intake (6–10 g/day)
- Rx; Preg Cat D
LITHIUM: Side Effects
- Signs of toxicity: vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscular weakness, ataxia
- Dizziness, headache
- Impaired vision
- Fine hand tremors
- Reversible leukocytosis
- Dry mouth, anorexia
- Hypotension
- Dysrhythmias
- Polyuria, proteinuria
- Hyponatremia
- Hypo/hyperthyroidism
LITHIUM: Purpose
Management of manic phase in bipolar disorder, prevention of bipolar manic-depressive psychosis
CARBAMAZEPINE: Nursing Considerations
- Take with food or milk to decrease GI upset; nonextended-release tablets may be crushed, extended-release capsules may be opened and mixed with juice or soft food
- Avoid activities requiring alertness for the first 3 days
- Urine may turn pink to brown
- Avoid abrupt withdrawal; discontinue gradually
- Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
- Monitor for suicidal thoughts or behavior
- Patient should wear medical information tag
- Rx; Preg Cat D
CARBAMAZEPINE: Side Effects
- Myelosuppression
- Dizziness, drowsiness
- Hepatitis
- Diplopia, rash
- Renal failure
- Photosensitivity
- Nausea, vomiting
- Dysrhythmias
- Impotence
- Bone marrow suppression
- Osteoporosis
- Hypocholesterolemia
CARBAMAZEPINE: Purpose
Management of seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar disorder
METHYLPHENIDATE: Nursing Considerations
- Concerta is time-released and should be swallowed whole, not chewed
- Dosage is adjusted in 18-mg increments to a maximum of 54 mg/day
- Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and OTC preparations
- Do not stop abruptly; taper over several weeks
- Monitor for adverse psychiatric symptoms
- Rx C-II
METHYLPHENIDATE: Side Effects
- Headache
- Fever, arthralgia
- Visual disturbance
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea, anorexia
- Insomnia
- Restlessness
- Urticaria, rash
- Leukopenia
- Growth retardation
METHYLPHENIDATE: Purpose
Treatment of ADD/ADHD in children over 6 years old, treatment of narcolepsy
AMPHETAMINE/DEXTROAMPHETAMINE: Nursing Considerations
- Take in the morning
- High potential for abuse
- Rx C-II
AMPHETAMINE/DEXTROAMPHETAMINE: Side Effects
- Headache, dizziness
- Weight loss
- Abdominal pain
- Mood changes
- Tachycardia
- Insomnia
- Dry mouth
AMPHETAMINE/DEXTROAMPHETAMINE: Purpose
Treatment benign prostatic hyperplasia
ARIPIPRAZOLE: Nursing Considerations
- IM: inject deep, slowly into muscle mass; peak 1–3 hours
- PO: can take without regard to food; peak 3–5 hours
- Monitor for suicidal ideation
- Do not stop abruptly
- Rx; Preg Cat C
ARIPIPRAZOLE: Side Effects
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Cough
- Weight gain
- Hyperglycemia
- Musculoskeletal pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Chest pain
- Blurred vision
- Rash
ARIPIPRAZOLE: Purpose
Treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder
ZIPRASIDONE: Nursing Considerations
- Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
- Use caution in potentially hazardous activities
- Avoid changing positions (lying/sitting/standing) rapidly
- Avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather
- Check before taking OTC meds
- May cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Rx; Preg Cat C
ZIPRASIDONE: Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Diarrhea
- Abnormal vision
- Vomiting, anorexia
- Headache
- Hyperglycemia
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Heart failure
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Impotence
- Decreased bone density
- Rhinitis, dyspnea
ZIPRASIDONE: Purpose
Treatment of schizophrenia, acute agitation, acute psychosis, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression
QUETIAPINE: Nursing Considerations
- Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
- Use caution in potentially hazardous activities
- Avoid changing positions (lying/sitting/standing) rapidly
- Avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather
- Avoid OTC meds unless approved by provider
- May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior
- May cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Rx; Preg Cat C
QUETIAPINE: Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Hyperglycemia
- Nausea, anorexia
- Dry mouth
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Agranulocytosis
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Hyperglycemia
- SIADH
- Hyponatremia
- Back pain
QUETIAPINE: Purpose
Treatment of bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia
RISPERIDONE: Nursing Considerations
- Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
- Use caution in potentially hazardous activities
- Avoid changing positions (lying/sitting/standing) rapidly
- Avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather
- Avoid OTC meds unless approved by provider
- Rx; Preg Cat C
RISPERIDONE: Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Headache, insomnia
- Constipation
- Hyperglycemia
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Heart failure
- Neutropenia
- URI
RISPERIDONE: Purpose
Treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism
OLANZAPINE: Nursing Considerations
- Avoid changing positions rapidly
- Dosage should be managed tightly when established
- Use caution when operating equipment
- Avoid OTC preparations unless approved by provider
- May cause neuroleptic syndrome
- Rx; Preg Cat C
OLANZAPINE: Side Effects
- Hostility
- Dizziness
- Rhinitis
- Cough, pharyngitis
- Nervousness
- Joint pain
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Urinary retention
- Insomnia
- Increased appetite and weight gain
- Fatigue
- Impotence
- Hyperlipidemia
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Heart failure
- Hypo/hyperglycemia
- Neutropenia
- Orthostatic hypotension
OLANZAPINE: Purpose
Treatment of schizophrenia and manic episodes in bipolar disorder
HALOPERIDOL: Nursing Considerations
- PO concentrate: dilute with water, not coffee or tea
- PO: take with food or full glass of water/milk
- IM: inject slowly, deep into large muscle; have patient lie down for 30 minutes; do not give IV
- Avoid abrupt withdrawal; discontinue gradually
- Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants
- Use caution in potentially hazardous activities
- Avoid changing positions (lying/sitting/standing) rapidly
- Wear protective clothing, sunglasses due to photosensitivity
- May cause neuroleptic malignant or serotonin syndrome
- Rx; Preg Cat C
HALOPERIDOL: Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dyspnea
- Urinary retention
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Confusion
- Rash
- Impotence
- Photosensitivity
- Hepatitis
- Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
HALOPERIDOL: Purpose
Treatment of Tourette syndrome and schizophrenia, emergency sedation of severely agitated or delirious patients
VENLAFAXINE: Nursing Considerations
- Take with food; extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole
- Taper dose before stopping if taken over 6 weeks
- Avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants for up to 1 week after end of therapy
- Use caution in potentially hazardous activities
- May increase risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior
- Rx; Preg Cat C
VENLAFAXINE: Side effects…pendiente
VENLAFAXINE: Purpose…pendiente
