Gastrointestinal Medications (69) Flashcards
PANCRELIPASE: Nursing Considerations
- Take with 8 oz water and food, swallow right away, sit up when taking
- Do not use if sensitive or allergy to pork
- Stools will be foul-smelling and frothy
- Rx; Preg Cat C
PANCRELIPASE: Side Effects
- Abdominal pain (high doses only)
- Nausea, diarrhea
- Stomach cramps
- Abnormal feces
- Fatigue
- Hypo/hyperglycemia
- Hyperuricemia
PANCRELIPASE: Purpose
Treatment of exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency and pancreatic enzyme deficiency, digestive aid for cystic fibrosis
**LACTULOSE: **Nursing Considerations
- PO: take with water or fruit juice to counteract sweet taste
- Use with caution in diabetics
- Rx; Preg Cat B
LACTULOSE: Side Effects
- Nausea, vomiting
- Abdominal cramps, distention
- Hypernatremia
LACTULOSE: Purpose
Relief of chronic constipation, prevention and treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy
PHENTERMINE: Nursing Considerations
- PO, hydrochloride form: duration 4 hours
- PO, resin complex form: duration 12–14 hours
- Take 30 minutes before meals or as a single dose before breakfast or 10–14 hours before bedtime
- Avoid activities requiring alertness until response is known
- Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
- Contact provider if chest pain, decreased exercise tolerance, fainting, or lower extremity swelling
- Monitor weight 3 times per week
- Rx C-IV
PHENTERMINE: Side Effects
- CNS stimulation
- Hyper/hypotension
- Impotence
- Palpitations
- Drowsiness, nervousness
- Dry mouth, altered taste
- Bone marrow suppression
- Rash, urticaria
- Shortness of breath
PHENTERMINE: Purpose
Short-term appetite suppression
SULFASALAZINE: Nursing Considerations
- PO: take with food to decrease GI upset
- Encourage fluids to decrease crystallization in kidneys
- May stain contact lenses, urine, and skin yellow
- Rx; Preg Cat B
SULFASALAZINE: Side Effects
- Headache, confusion
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Rashes
- Fever
- Hepatotoxicity
- Renal failure
- Photosensitivity
- Leukopenia
- Rash, urticaria
SULFASALAZINE: Purpose
Treatment of ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis
SUCRALFATE: Nursing Considerations
- PO: 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals and at bedtime with full glass of water
- Do not chew or crush tablets
- Do not use antacids within 30 minutes of med
- Encourage 8–10 glasses of fluid per day
- Avoid smoking
- Not to be used for longer than 8 weeks
- Rx; Preg Cat B
SUCRALFATE: Side Effects
- Constipation
- Drowsiness, dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Rash, urticaria
- Hyperglycemia
SUCRALFATE: Purpose
Treatment of duodenal ulcers
RABEPRAZOLE: Nursing Considerations
- Take without regard to food
- Swallow tablets whole; do not crush, chew, or split tablets
- Avoid alcohol, NSAIDs, and ASA; may increase gastric upset
- Vitamin B12 deficiency may occur with long-term therapy
- Report severe diarrhea or black stools immediately
- Rx; Preg Cat B
RABEPRAZOLE: Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Constipation, flatulence
- Rash
- Back pain
- URI, proteinuria
- Hypoglycemia
- Chest pain, tachycardia
- Diarrhea
- Thrombocytopenia
- URI, cough
RABEPRAZOLE: Purpose
Treatment of GERD and ulcers
PANTOPRAZOLE: Nursing Considerations
- Take without regard to food
- Notify provider if black tarry stools, severe abdominal pain, or diarrhea
- Avoid alcohol, salicylates, NSAIDs
- Vitamin B12 deficiency may occur with long-term therapy
- Rx
PANTOPRAZOLE: Side Effects
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Pancreatitis
- Rash
- Hyperglycemia
- Weight changes
- Hyponatremia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Muscle pain
- Hyperglycemia
PANTOPRAZOLE: Purpose
Treatment of GERD and ulcers
MISOPROSTOL: Nursing Considerations
- Take with meals and at bedtime
- Avoid taking magnesium antacids within 2 hours
- Notify provider if black, tarry stools, severe abdominal pain, or diarrhea
- Rx; Preg Cat X
MISOPROSTOL: Side Effects
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Miscarriage
- Nausea
- Headache
- Menstrual disorders
MISOPROSTOL: Purpose
Prevention of gastric ulcers during NSAID therapy
LANSOPRAZOLE: Nursing Considerations
- PO: take 30 minutes before meals; capsules may be opened and sprinkled on food and swallowed immediately
- Can use with antacids
- Report severe diarrhea
- Rx; Preg Cat B
LANSOPRAZOLE: Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Constipation
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Impotence
- Kidney stones
- Hematuria
- Hypoglycemia
- Altered hepatic lab values
LANSOPRAZOLE: Purpose
Treatment of GERD, ulcers, and erosive esophagitis
FAMOTIDINE: Nursing Considerations
- PO: onset 60 minutes, peak 1–3 hours, duration 6–12 hours
- IV: onset 60 minutes, peak 1–4 hours, duration 12 hours
- OTC, Rx; Preg Cat B
FAMOTIDINE: Side Effects
- Headache
- Hepatitis
- Dizziness
- Constipation
- Dysrhythmias
- Taste changes
- Arthralgia
- Nausea, vomiting
FAMOTIDINE: Purpose
Treatment of ulcers, GERD, and heartburn
CIMETIDINE: Nursing Considerations
- Reduces gastric acid secretions by 50–80%
- May be taken without regard to meals
- Avoid antacids 1 hour before or after dose
- Do not use OTC medications
- OTC, Rx; Preg Cat B
CIMETIDINE: Side effects
CIMETIDINE: Purpose
Treatment of ulcers and GERD, prevention of upper GI bleeding
OMEPRAZOLE: Nursing Considerations
- Take 30 minutes before eating
- May be taken at the same time as antacids
- Avoid activities requiring alertness
- OTC, Rx; Preg Cat C
OMEPRAZOLE: Side Effects
- Headache, dizziness
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Flatulence
- Hepatic failure
- Rash, urticaria
- Back pain
- URI, cough
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Hypoglycemia
OMEPRAZOLE: Purpose
Treatment of GERD, severe erosive esophagitis, and active duodenal ulcers
ESOMEPRAZOLE: Nursing Considerations
- Take at least 60 minutes before meals
- Swallow capsules whole; do not chew
- May be taken in conjunction with antacids
- Rx; Preg Cat B
ESOMEPRAZOLE: Side Effects
- Headache, dizziness
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Flatulence
- Dry mouth
- Hepatic failure
- Rash
- Cough
- Heart failure
- Hypoglycemia
ESOMEPRAZOLE: Purpose
Treatment of GERD and severe erosive esophagitis
SIMETHICONE: Nursing Considerations
- Take after meals, at bedtime
- Shake suspension well before pouring
- Tablets must be chewed
- OTC, Rx; Preg Cat C
SIMETHICONE: Side Effects
- Belching
- Rectal flatus
SIMETHICONE: Purpose
Reduction of pressure and bloating caused by gas in digestive tract
PROMETHAZINE: Nursing Considerations
- PO: onset 20 minutes, duration 4–12 hours
- Take 30–60 minutes before traveling
- Avoid activities requiring alertness
- Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
- May cause severe chemical irritation and damage to tissue when used IV
- May lower seizure threshold
- May cause false results in pregnancy testing
- Rx; Preg Cat C
PROMETHAZINE: Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Constipation
- Urinary retention
- Dry mouth
- Hyperglycemia
- Photosensitivity
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Hypo/hypertension
- Blurred vision
- Thrombocytopenia
PROMETHAZINE: Purpose
Management of motion sickness, rhinitis, allergy symptoms, sedation, and nausea; pre- and postoperative sedation
PROCHLORPERAZINE: Nursing Considerations
- Do not crush or break sustained-release capsules
- IM: inject slowly, deeply into gluteal muscle; keep patient lying down for 30 minutes
- Use caution with potentially hazardous activities
- Avoid changing positions (lying/sitting/standing) rapidly
- Check CBC and liver functions with prolonged use
- Risk of increase mortality in elderly patients with dementia; related psychosis
- Rx; Preg Cat C
PROCHLORPERAZINE: Side Effects
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Blurred vision
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Drowsiness, dizziness
- Photosensitivity
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Extrapyramidal symptoms
- Cholestatic jaundice
- Leukopenia
PROCHLORPERAZINE: Purpose
Treatment of nausea/vomiting and psychotic disorders
ONDANSETRON: Nursing Considerations
Headache requiring analgesic is common
Assess for extrapyramidal symptoms
Rx
- Headache requiring analgesic is common
- Assess for extrapyramidal symptoms
- Rx
ONDANSETRON: Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness, drowsiness
- GI upset
- Dry mouth
- Bronchospasm
- Rash
ONDANSETRON: Purpose
Prevention of nausea and vomiting
METOCLOPRAMIDE: Nursing Considerations
- Prevention of nausea, vomiting induced by chemotherapy, radiation, delayed gastric emptying, GERD
- Used with tube feeding to decrease residual and risk of aspiration
- PO: take 30–60 minutes before meals or procedures
- IV: inject slowly over 1–2 minutes; infuse over 15 minutes
- Use caution with potentially hazardous activities
- Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
- May cause tardive dyskinesia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome when used longer than 3 months
- May cause depression
- Rx; Preg Cat B
METOCLOPRAMIDE: Side effects…pendiente
METOCLOPRAMIDE: Purpose…pendiente
