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Pharmacology - NCLEX > Cardiovascular Medications (162) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Medications (162) Flashcards

1
Q

METOLAZONE: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Diuresis onset 1 hour, peak 2 hours, duration 12–24 hours
  • Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms, slightly decreased absorption
  • Avoid changing positions (sitting/standing/lying) rapidly
  • Take in morning to avoid interference with sleep
  • Rx; Preg Cat B
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2
Q

METOLAZONE: Side Effects

A
  • Dizziness, weakness, fatigue
  • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
  • Rash
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Photosensitivity
  • Headache
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Impotence
  • Muscle cramps
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3
Q

METOLAZONE: Purpose

A

Treatment of edema and hypertension

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4
Q

INDAPAMIDE: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Diuresis onset 1–2 hours, peak 2 hours, duration 36 hours
  • Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms, slightly decreased absorption
  • Avoid changing positions (sitting/standing/lying) rapidly
  • Take in morning to avoid interference with sleep
  • Monitor electrolytes
  • Rx; Preg Cat B
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5
Q

INDAPAMIDE: Side Effects

A
  • Headache, dizziness
  • Electrolyte changes
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Muscle cramps
  • Vision disturbances
  • Nausea, diarrhea
  • Rash, pruritus
  • Increased intraocular pressure
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Impotence
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6
Q

INDAPAMIDE: Purpose

A

Treatment of edema and hypertension

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7
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Diuresis onset 2 hours, peak 4 hours, duration 6–12 hours
  • Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms
  • Take in morning to avoid interference with sleep
  • Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide
  • Monitor electrolytes
  • Rx; Preg Cat B
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8
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE: Side Effects

A
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
  • Blurred vision
  • Fatigue, weakness
  • Confusion, esp. in elderly
  • Photosensitivity
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Electrolyte changes
  • Renal failure
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Rash, urticaria
  • Erectile dysfunction
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9
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE: Purpose

A

Treatment of edema and hypertension

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10
Q

CHLORTHALIDONE: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Diuresis onset 2 hours, peak 6 hours, duration 24–72 hours
  • Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms
  • Take in the morning to avoid interference with sleep
  • Weigh daily to determine fluid loss; effect of drug may be decreased if used daily
  • Avoid changing positions (sitting/standing/lying) rapidly
  • Rx; Preg Cat B
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11
Q

CHLORTHALIDONE: Side Effects

A
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
  • Urinary frequency
  • Electrolyte changes
  • Headache, dizziness
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Photosensitivity
  • Rash
  • Impotence
  • Hypokalemia
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12
Q

CHLORTHALIDONE: Purpose

A

Treatment of edema and hypertension

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13
Q

SPIRONOLACTONE: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Diuresis onset 24–48 hours, peak 48–72 hours
  • Take in the morning to avoid interference with sleep
  • Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms
  • Avoid food high in potassium: oranges, bananas, salt substitutes, dried apricots, dates
  • Weigh daily to determine fluid loss; effect of drug may be decreased if used daily
  • Contact provider if cramps, lethargy, menstrual abnormalities, deepening voice, breast enlargement
  • Avoid potassium supplements
  • Monitor electrolytes
  • Rx; Preg Cat C
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14
Q

SPIRONOLACTONE: Side Effects

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Vomiting, diarrhea
  • Bleeding
  • Rash, pruritus
  • Gynecomastia
  • Headache, confusion
  • Impotence
  • Agranulocytosis
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15
Q

SPIRONOLACTONE: Purpose

A

Treatment of edema and hypertension and of primary hyperaldosteronism

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16
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE/TRIAMTERENE: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Diuresis onset 2 hours
  • Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms
  • Take early in the day to prevent nocturia and sleeplessness
  • Diabetes mellitus may become manifest during thiazide treatment
  • May increase BUN and serum creatinine
  • Rx; Preg Cat C
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17
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE/TRIAMTERENE: Side Effects

A
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Renal stones
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Muscle cramps
  • Dizziness, headache
  • Photosensitivity
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18
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE/ TRIAMTERENE: Purpose

A

Treatment of edema and hypertension

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19
Q

TICLOPIDINE: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Monitor blood studies in long-term therapy
  • Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms
  • Monitor for signs of cholestasis (jaundice, dark urine, light-colored stools)
  • Avoid all OTC products unless approved by provider
  • Discontinue 10–14 days before surgery
  • Rx; Preg Cat B
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20
Q

TICLOPIDINE: Side Effects

A
  • Rash
  • Diarrhea
  • Bleeding
  • Decrease in WBCs
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Nausea
  • GI distress
  • Purpura, rash
  • Headache, dizziness
  • Tinnitus
  • Hypercholesterolemia
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21
Q

TICLOPIDINE: Puspose

A

Prevention of stroke in high-risk patients

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22
Q

CLOPIDOGREL: Nursing Considerations

A
  • Monitor blood studies in long-term therapy
  • Report signs of unusual bruising, bleeding; it may take longer to stop bleeding
  • Discontinue 5 days before elective surgery
  • Take without regard to food
  • Rx
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23
Q

CLOPIDOGREL: Side Effects

A
  • GI bleeding
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, GI discomfort
  • Depression
  • Bleeding, including life-threatening bleeding
  • Rash
  • Headache, dizziness
  • Edema
  • Chest pain
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Hepatic failure
  • URI, bronchospasms
  • Arthralgia
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24
Q

CLOPIDOGREL: Purpose

A

Risk reduction for stroke, MI, peripheral arterial disease in high-risk patients, acute coronary syndrome, TIA, and angina

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25
**FUROSEMIDE:** Nursing Considerations
* PO: diuresis onset 60 minutes, peak 1–2 hours, duration 6–8 hours * IV: diuresis onset 5 minutes, peak 30 minutes, duration 2 hours * PO: take with food or milk to prevent GI upset, slightly lessened absorption, tablets may be crushed * Take early in the day to prevent nocturia and sleeplessness * Avoid changing positions (sitting/standing/lying) rapidly * Do not give IV faster than 4 mg/min; may cause ototoxicity * Rx; Preg Cat C
26
**FUROSEMIDE:** Side Effects
* Orthostatic hypotension * Hypokalemia * Hyperglycemia * Nausea, diarrhea * Polyuria * Rash, pruritus * Muscle spasm * Headache, fatigue * Ototoxicity * Renal failure * Electrolyte imbalances * Thrombocytopenia * Photosensitivity
27
**FUROSEMIDE:** Purpose
Treatment of pulmonary edema, edema in CHF and other conditions, and hypertension
28
**BUMETANIDE:** Nursing Considerations
* PO: diuresis onset 30–60 minutes, peak 1–2 hours, duration 3–6 hours * IM: diuresis onset 40 minutes, peak 1–2 hours, duration 4–6 hours * IV: diuresis onset 5 minutes, peak 15–30 minutes, duration 3–6 hours * Weigh daily * Do not take at bedtime to prevent nocturia * Encourage potassium-containing foods * Monitor BUN, CBC, calcium, and uric acid * Rx; Preg Cat C
29
**BUMETANIDE:** Side Effects
* Electrolyte imbalance * Hypovolemia * Ototoxicity * Hyperglycemia * Hypotension * Chest pain * Rash, pruritus * Muscle weakness * Tinnitus * Headache, dizziness * Nausea, diarrhea * Increased cholesterol levels * Hypokalemia * Renal failure * Thrombocytopenia * Polyuria
30
**BUMETANIDE:** Purpose
Treatment of edema in CHF
31
**DIGOXIN:** Nursing Considerations
* Check pulse; if less than 60 beats per minute (adult) or 90 beats per minute (infant), hold the med and contact provider * PO: with or without food; may crush tablets and mix with food/fluids * Do not open, chew, or crush capsule * Contact provider if loss of appetite, lower stomach pain, diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness, headache, blurred or yellow vision, rash, depression * Eat a sodium-restricted and potassium-rich (bananas, orange juice) diet to keep potassium level normal * Avoid OTC meds and herbal meds; many adverse interactions may occur * Do not stop product abruptly * Rx; Preg Cat C
32
**DIGOXIN:** Side Effects
* Headache * Fatigue * Bradycardia * Nausea * Atrial tachycardia (in children) * Blurred vision * Mental disturbances * Vomiting * Dysrhythmias
33
**DIGOXIN:** Purpose
Treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation
34
**VERAPAMIL:** Nursing Considerations
* PO: take before meals, except sustained-release which is to be taken with food * Do not open, chew, or crush sustained- or extended-release capsule * Teach patient how to take radial pulse and keep record of pulse rate * Avoid hazardous activities until stabilized on drug * Do not use OTC products or alcohol unless directed by provider; limit caffeine * Avoid grapefruit juice * Rx; Preg Cat C
35
**VERAPAMIL:** Side Effects
* Edema * Nausea, constipation * Headache * Drowsiness * Fatigue * CHF * Dizziness * Bruising * Dysrhythmias * Impotence * Nocturia * Rash
36
**VERAPAMIL:** Purpose
treatment of angina, dysrhythmias, hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, and atrial flutter/fibrillation
37
**NIFEDIPINE:** Nursing Considerations
* Avoid changing positions (sitting/standing/lying) rapidly * Take without regard to meals; onset 20 minute, peak 6 hours, duration 6–8 hours * PO, extended-release capsule: do not open, chew, or crush * Do not use OTC products or alcohol unless directed by provider; limit caffeine * Monitor BP when used with beta blockers * ***Do not drink grapefruit juice***; stop grapefruit juice at least 3 days prior to initiating nifedipine therapy * Protect med from light and store in dry area * Rx; Preg Cat C
38
**NIFEDIPINE:** Side Effects
* Orthostatic hypotension * Gingival hyperplasia * Peripheral edema * Palpitations * Headache, dizziness * Fatigue * Nausea, vomiting * Rash * Blurred vision * Flushing * Dysrhythmias * Sexual difficulties * Cough, fever, chills
39
**NIFEDIPINE:** Purpose
Treatment of hypertension and angina
40
**FELODIPINE:** Nursing Considerations
* Do not adjust dosage at intervals of less than 2 weeks * PO: take without regard to meals * Do not open, chew, or crush extended-release capsule * Do not use OTC products or alcohol unless directed by provider; limit caffeine * ***Avoid grapefruit juice*** * Contact provider if pulse is less than 50 beats per minute * Rx; Preg Cat C
41
**FELODIPINE:** Side effects
* Dysrhythmia * Headache * Fatigue, dizziness * Edema, CHF * Flushing * Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea * Increased liver function tests * Sexual dysfunction * Nocturia * SOB, wheezing
42
**FELODIPINE:** Purpose
Treatment of essential hypertension
43
**METOLAZONE:** Nursing Considerations
* Diuresis onset 1 hour, peak 2 hours, duration 12–24 hours * Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms, slightly decreased absorption * Avoid changing positions (sitting/standing/lying) rapidly * Take in morning to avoid interference with sleep * Rx; Preg Cat B
44
**METOLAZONE:** Side Effects
* Dizziness, weakness, fatigue * Nausea, vomiting, anorexia * Rash * Hyperglycemia * Hypokalemia * Photosensitivity * Headache * Aplastic anemia * Impotence * Muscle cramps
45
**METOLAZONE:** Purpose
Treatment of edema and hypertension
46
**INDAPAMIDE:** Nursing Considerations
* Diuresis onset 1–2 hours, peak 2 hours, duration 36 hours * Take with meals or just after to decrease gastric symptoms, slightly decreased absorption * Avoid changing positions (sitting/standing/lying) rapidly * Take in morning to avoid interference with sleep * Monitor electrolytes * Rx; Preg Cat B
47
**INDAPAMIDE:** Side Effects
* Headache, dizziness * Electrolyte changes * Orthostatic hypotension * Muscle cramps * Vision disturbances * Nausea, diarrhea * Rash, pruritus * Increased intraocular pressure * Hyperglycemia * Impotence
48
**INDAPAMIDE:** Purpose
Treatment of edema and hypertension
49
**DILTIAZEM:** Nursing Considerations
* Monitor blood pressure during dosage adjustments * PO: take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water * Teach patient how to take radial pulse and keep records of pulse rate; if less than 50 beats per minute, hold dose and notify provider * Avoid hazardous activities until stabilized on drug * Do not crush, chew, or break * Do not stop abruptly * Avoid grapefruit juice * Rx; Preg Cat C
50
**DILTIAZEM:** Side Effects
* Edema * Nausea, constipation * Rash * Photosensitivity * Headache, dizziness * Fatigue, drowsiness * Bradycardia, palpitations * Increased liver enzymes * Renal failure * Nocturia * CHF, dysrhythmias
51
**DILTIAZEM:** Purpose
Management of angina, vasospasms, hypertension, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia
52
**AMLODIPINE:** Nursing Considerations
* May be taken without regard to meals * Consult provider before taking nonprescription cough remedies * Check pulse; if less than 50 beats per minute, hold med and contact provider * Change positions slowly * Avoid grapefruit juice * Rx; Preg Cat C
53
**AMLODIPINE:** Side Effects
* Flushing * Headache, fatigue * Nausea, vomiting * Abdominal pain * Somnolence * Peripheral edema * Nocturia * Sexual difficulties * Palpitations, bradycardia * Cough, dyspnea
54
**AMLODIPINE:** Purpose
Treatment of chronic stable angina, hypertension, and variant angina
55
**PROPRANOLOL:** Nursing Considerations
* Check pulse; if less than 50 beats per minute, hold the med and contact provider * PO: take with full glass of water at the same time each day * Do not open, chew, or crush extended-release capsule * Do not stop abruptly; taper over 2 weeks; may precipitate life-threatening dysrhythmias * Do not use aluminum-containing antacid; may decrease absorption * Rx; Preg Cat C
56
**PROPRANOLOL:** Side Effects
* Weakness, fatigue * Hypotension, dizziness * Impotence * Bronchospasm * Bradycardia * Nausea, vomiting * Depression * Blurred vision * Hyper/hypoglycemia * Dysrhythmias * Thrombocytopenia * Arthralgia
57
**PROPRANOLOL:** Purpose
Treatment of stable angina, hypertension, supraventricular dysrhythmias, and acute MI; prophylaxis of migraine
58
**METOPROLOL:** Nursing Considerations
* Check pulse; if less than 60 beats per minute, hold med and contact provider * PO: may be taken with food, take at same time each day * XL tablet must be swallowed whole * Do not stop abruptly; taper over 2 weeks; may precipitate angina * Do not use OTC products (nasal decongestants, cold preparations) unless directed by provider * May worsen heart failure * Rx; Preg Cat C
59
**METOPROLOL:** Side Effects
* Bradycardia, palpitations * Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea * Hypotension, dizziness * CHF * Depression * Insomnia * Confusion, headache * Impotence * Bronchospasms * Rash, urticaria * Hypoglycemia
60
**METOPROLOL:** Purpose
Treatment of hypertension, acute MI, angina, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy
61
**CARVEDILOL:** Nursing Considerations
* PO: take with food * Tablet may be crushed or swallowed whole * Do not stop abruptly; taper over 1–2 weeks * Rx; Preg Cat C
62
**CARVEDILOL:** Side Effects
* Dizziness, fatigue * Diarrhea * Postural hypotension * Impotence * Hyperglycemia * CHF worsening * Paresthesia * Bradycardia * Peripheral edema * Headache, insomnia * Increased liver enzymes * Thrombocytopenia * Bronchospasm
63
**CARVEDILOL:** Purpose
Treatment of hypertension, CHF, LV dysfunction after MI, and cardiomyopathy
64
**ATENOLOL:** Nursing Considerations
* Masks signs of hypoglycemia in diabetics * Check pulse; if less than 50 beats per minute, hold the med and contact provider * PO: take before meals, at bedtime * Do not stop abruptly; taper over 2 weeks * Limit alcohol, smoking, sodium intake * Rx; Preg Cat D
65
**ATENOLOL:** Side Effects
* Bradycardia, cold extremities * Postural hypotension * Bronchospasm in overdose * 2nd- or 3rd-degree heart block * Cold extremities * Insomnia, fatigue * Dizziness * Mental changes * Nausea, diarrhea * Hypoglycemia * Impotence * Thrombocytopenia
66
**ATENOLOL:** Purpose
Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and MI, prophylaxis of angina
67
**SIMVASTATIN:** Nursing Considerations
* Take without regard to food * Contact provider if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness; in rare cases can cause breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue leading to kidney failure * Asian patients should not take niacin while taking simvastatin * May require lower dose at initiation of therapy * Rx; Preg Cat X
68
**SIMVASTATIN:** Side Effects
* Liver dysfunction * URI * Headache * Abdominal pain * Constipation * Nausea * Muscle cramps, myalgia * Hyperglycemia
69
**SIMVASTATIN:** Purpose
Reduction of cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein levels; prophylaxis of MI and stroke
70
**ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM:** Nursing Considerations
* Patient should keep tight control of diet during therapy * Contact provider if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness; in rare cases can cause breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue leading to kidney failure * ***Asian patients may require lower dose at initiation of therapy*** * Take without regard to meals * Rx; Preg Cat X
71
**ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM:** Side Effects
* Myalgia * Constipation, heartburn * Abdominal pain * Rash, pruritus * Nausea * Thrombocytopenia * Muscle cramps, arthralgia * Headache, dizziness * Kidney failure * Liver dysfunction
72
**ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM:** Purpose
Reduction of cholesterol levels and progression of atherosclerosis, prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease and stroke
73
**PRAVASTATIN:** Nursing Considerations
* Take without regard to food * Contact provider if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness; in rare cases can cause breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue leading to kidney failure * Peak 1–1.5 hours * Rx; Preg Cat X
74
**PRAVASTATIN:** Side Effects
* Abdominal cramps, flatus * Heartburn * Constipation, diarrhea * Headache, dizziness, fatigue * Lens opacities * Renal failure * Muscle cramps * Hepatic dysfunction
75
**PRAVASTATIN:** Purpose
Reduction of cholesterol levels and risk of recurrent MI, treatment of atherosclerosis
76
**NIACIN:** Nursing Considerations
* Take with meals to reduce GI upset, can add 325 mg ASA 30 minutes before dose to reduce flushing * Flushing will occur several hours after med taken, will decrease over 2 weeks * ***Avoid changing positions*** (sitting/standing/lying) ***rapidly*** * May be used in combination with simvastatin or lovastatin * OTC, Rx; Preg Cat C
77
**NIACIN:** Side Effects
* Headache * Nausea, vomiting * Postural hypotension * Myopathy * Flushing * Pruritus * Abnormalities of liver function tests * Hyperglycemia
78
**NIACIN:** Purpose
Treatment of pellagra, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral vascular disease
79
**LOVASTATIN:** Nursing Considerations
* Onset 2 weeks, peak 4–6 weeks, duration 6 weeks * Take with food, absorption is reduced by 30% on an empty stomach * Contact provider if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness; in rare cases can cause breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue leading to kidney failure * ***Avoid grapefruit products*** * Rx; Preg Cat X
80
**LOVASTATIN:** Side Effects
* Flatus, constipation * Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, GI upset * Heartburn * Muscle cramps * Dizziness * Headache * Tremor * Blurred vision * Rash, pruritus * Photosensitivity * Increased liver function tests
81
**LOVASTATIN:** Purpose
Reduction of cholesterol levels
82
**GEMFIBROZIL:** Nursing Considerations
* Administer 30 minutes before a.m. and p.m. meals * Monitor blood glucose, renal/hepatic studies in long-term therapy * Avoid alcohol, high-fat diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle * Rx
83
**GEMFIBROZIL:** Side Effects
* Fatigue, vertigo * Headache * Dyspepsia * Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea * Abdominal pain * Leukopenia * Rash, urticaria * Taste perversion * Myopathy * Angioedema
84
**GEMFIBROZIL:** Purpose
Reduction of cholesterol levels
85
**FLUVASTATIN:** Nursing Considerations
* Contact provider immediately if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness; in rare cases, can cause breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to kidney failure * Take without regard to meals * Peak response 3–4 weeks * Rx; Preg Cat C
86
**FLUVASTATIN:** Side Effects
* Confusion * Urinary pain * Headache, dizziness * Hepatotoxicity * Photosensitivity * Abdominal pain, constipation * Nausea, diarrhea * Arthralgia * Thrombocytopenia
87
**CLOPIDOGREL:** Nursing Considerations
* Monitor blood studies in long-term therapy * Report signs of unusual bruising, bleeding; it may take longer to stop bleeding * Discontinue 5 days before elective surgery * Take without regard to food * Rx
88
**CLOPIDOGREL**: Side Effects
* GI bleeding * Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, GI discomfort * Depression * Bleeding, including life-threatening bleeding * Rash * Headache, dizziness * Edema * Chest pain * Glomerulonephritis * Hepatic failure * URI, bronchospasms * Arthralgia
89
**CLOPIDOGREL:** Purpose
Risk reduction for stroke, MI, peripheral arterial disease in high-risk patients, acute coronary syndrome, TIA, and angina

Pharmacology - NCLEX (20 decks)

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