Neurological Medications (27) Flashcards
ZOLMITRIPTAN: Nursing Considerations
- Take as soon as symptoms occur
- Avoid foods high in tyramine (cheese, pickled products), alcohol, large amounts of caffeine
- May cause serotonin syndrome when used with antidepression medication
- Rx; Preg Cat C
ZOLMITRIPTAN: Side Effects
Weakness, neck stiffness
Tingling, hot sensation, burning, feeling of pressure, tightness
Numbness, dizziness, sedation
Palpitations, chest pain
Abdominal discomfort
Dyspepsia
Dry mouth
ZOLMITRIPTAN: Purpose
acute treatment of migraines
SELEGILINE: Nursing Considerations
- Do not use with tricyclics or opioids; do not use with meperidine
- Monitor for signs of toxicity: twitching, eye spasms
- Do not stop abruptly; parkinsonian crisis may occur
- Avoid foods high in tyramine (cheese, pickled products), alcohol, large amounts of caffeine
- Rx; Preg Cat C
SELEGILINE: Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Photosensitivity
- Nausea, diarrhea
- Headache
- Shortness of breath
- Insomnia
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Dysrhythmias
- Sexual dysfunction
- Diplopia
SELEGILINE: Purpose
Management of Parkinson disease in patients being treated with levodopa/carbidopa
MEMANTINE: Nursing Considerations
- Use with caution in patients with liver, bladder, or renal disease
- Capsules can be opened and contents sprinkled on applesauce for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills
- Rx
MEMANTINE: Side Effects
- Headache
- Constipation
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Heart failure
- Hypertension
- Anemia
- Back pain
- Cough, dyspnea
MEMANTINE: Purpose
Treatment of moderate to severe dementia in Alzheimer disease
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE: Nursing Considerations
- For individuals age 6 years through adult; effects have not been studied in the elderly
- Interrupt therapy occasionally to determine if there is recurrence of behavioral symptoms sufficient to require continued therapy
- Children and adolescents: sudden death has been reported in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems taking CNS stimulant treatment at usual doses
- Adults: sudden death, stroke, and MI have occurred in adults taking stimulant drugs in ADHD doses
- Rx C-II
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE: Side Effects
- Insomnia
- Irritability, restlessness
- Decreased appetite
- Dry mouth
- Upper abdominal pain
- Tachycardia, dysrhythmias
- Blurred vision
- Diplopia
- Change in libido
- Anorexia
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE: Purpose
Treatment of ADHA and binge eating disorder
GALANTAMINE, RIVASTIGMINE: Nursing Considerations
- Galantamine and rivastigmine are cholinesterase inhibitors, which increase acetylcholine in the brain, potentially reducing symptoms of dementia
- Drugs do not cure, but stabilize or relieve symptoms
- Use with caution in patients with liver, bladder, or renal disease
- Rx; Preg Cat C
GALANTAMINE, RIVASTIGMINE: Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- URI
- Anemia
- Bradycardia
- Tremors, insomnia
GALANTAMINE, RIVASTIGMINE: Purpose
Treatment of dementia in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease
DONEPEZIL: Nursing Considerations
- Drug does not cure, but stabilizes or relieves symptoms
- Take at regular intervals
- Take between meals or may be given with meals to decrease GI upset
- Rx; Preg Cat C
DONEPEZIL: Side Effects
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Headache, dizziness
- Fatigue
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Insomnia
- Seizures
- Rash
- Dark urine/sweat
- Mental changes
- Hypo/hypertension
- GI bleeding
- Hyperlipidemia
- UTI URI
DONEPEZIL: Purpose
Management of dementia in Alzheimer disease
CARBIDOPA/LEVODOPA: Nursing Considerations
- Take with food; decreased effect with protein
- Full therapeutic effect may take several months
- Change positions slowly
- May cause false positive for urine ketones
- May cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Rx; Preg Cat C
CARBIDOPA/LEVODOPA: Side Effects
- Twitching
- Headache, dizziness
- Mental changes: confusion, agitation, mood alterations
- Dark urine/sweat
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Blurred vision
- Nausea, vomiting
- Hemolytic anemia
- Rash
- Increased liver function tests
CARBIDOPA/LEVODOPA: Purpose
Treatment of Parkinson disease and syndrome
CAFFEINE/ERGOTAMINE: Nursing Considerations
- Take at onset of pain/during prodromal stage to abort headache
- Lie down in darkened quiet room for several hours
- Avoid grapefruit juice
- Do not smoke or use nicotine
- Rx; Preg Cat X
CAFFEINE/ERGOTAMINE: Side Effects
- Nausea
- Tremors, convulsions
- Toxic ergotism: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, mental confusion
- Irregular heart rate
CAFFEINE/ERGOTAMINE: Purpose
Treatment and prevention of migraines
BENZTROPINE: Nursing Considerations
- IM/IV: onset 15 minutes, duration 6–10 hours
- PO: onset 1 hour, duration 6–10 hours
- Tablets may be crushed and mixed with food
- Taper med over a week, or withdrawal symptoms: EPS, tremors, insomnia, tachycardia, restlessness
- Avoid hazardous activities until stabilized on med
- Change positions slowly
- Avoid alcohol, antihistamines unless directed by provider
- Rx; Preg Cat C
BENZTROPINE: Side Effects
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Weakness
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Anxiety, irritability
- Dizziness, confusion
- Palpitations
- Hypotension
- Photophobia
- Urinary retention
- Hyperthermia
BENZTROPINE: Purpose
Treatment of Parkinson symptoms, EPS associated with neuroleptic drugs, and acute dystonic reactions
