Mental health in low and middle income countries (can skip) Flashcards
What is the definition of mental health?
A state of well-being characterized by:
* Positive self-worth and the ability to value others
* Skills for managing emotions, relationships, and taking risks
* Spiritual engagement and satisfaction in life
Jenkins, 2024
Give an example of good mental health.
A person managing stressful situations while maintaining social relationships.
What are the types of mental disorders?
Mental disorders encompass:
* Psychoses
* Neuroses
* Personality Disorders
* Substance Abuse
WHO, 2013
What defines psychoses?
Disturbances in perception and thought processes, e.g., schizophrenia.
What is an example of neurosis?
Long-term anxiety impairing work performance.
How does mental health impact physical health?
Poor mental health contributes to heart disease and diabetes.
What percentage of common mental disorders (CMD) is prevalent globally?
10-20%
WHO, 2013
What is the treatment gap in mental health?
Significant gaps in access to care, particularly in LMICs.
What are cost-effective interventions for mental health?
Community-based mental health programs and integrating mental health into HIV and TB prevention campaigns.
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
Holistic treatment considering biological, psychological, and social factors.
What is a key strategy for integrating mental health into primary care?
Training health workers for ongoing education on mental health.
True or False: The ratio of psychiatrists to the population in rural Kenya is approximately 1:1,000,000.
True
Kiima, 1987
What challenges does Kenya face in mental health integration?
Health system strain due to repeat consultations and misdiagnoses.
What does the WHO Mental Health Action Plan (2013-2030) aim to strengthen?
Leadership and governance for mental health.
What is SDG 3.4 focused on?
Reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and promoting mental health.
What is included in a national mental health policy?
Defined goals and frameworks for local implementation.
Fill in the blank: The WHO mhGAP program provides templates for integrating mental health into _______.
[primary care]
WHO, 2023
What was the outcome of the randomized controlled trial in Nyanza province, Kenya?
20% improvement in clients’ symptoms and quality of life in intervention clinics.
What should training programs for mental health focus on?
Skill-building in primary care.
What is a significant implication for training in mental health?
Incorporate community-based experiences and exposure to diverse clients.
What is a challenge in low-income countries regarding mental health professionals?
Less than one psychiatrist per million population.
What is the importance of sustainability in mental health initiatives?
Prioritize long-term goals such as continuous professional development (CPD) for primary healthcare workers.
What are the key components in mental health policies?
Supportive infrastructure, service integration, and legal frameworks.
What is an example of a local intervention to address mental health issues?
Vocational training for youth to reduce unemployment-related mental health issues.