Mental health in low and middle income countries (can skip)

Question 1

What is the definition of mental health?

Answer 1

A state of well-being characterized by:
* Positive self-worth and the ability to value others
* Skills for managing emotions, relationships, and taking risks
* Spiritual engagement and satisfaction in life

Jenkins, 2024

Question 2

Give an example of good mental health.

Answer 2

A person managing stressful situations while maintaining social relationships.

Question 3

What are the types of mental disorders?

Answer 3

Mental disorders encompass:
* Psychoses
* Neuroses
* Personality Disorders
* Substance Abuse

WHO, 2013

Question 4

What defines psychoses?

Answer 4

Disturbances in perception and thought processes, e.g., schizophrenia.

Question 5

What is an example of neurosis?

Answer 5

Long-term anxiety impairing work performance.

Question 6

How does mental health impact physical health?

Answer 6

Poor mental health contributes to heart disease and diabetes.

Question 7

What percentage of common mental disorders (CMD) is prevalent globally?

Answer 7

10-20%

WHO, 2013

Question 8

What is the treatment gap in mental health?

Answer 8

Significant gaps in access to care, particularly in LMICs.

Question 9

What are cost-effective interventions for mental health?

Answer 9

Community-based mental health programs and integrating mental health into HIV and TB prevention campaigns.

Question 10

What is the biopsychosocial approach?

Answer 10

Holistic treatment considering biological, psychological, and social factors.

Question 11

What is a key strategy for integrating mental health into primary care?

Answer 11

Training health workers for ongoing education on mental health.

Question 12

True or False: The ratio of psychiatrists to the population in rural Kenya is approximately 1:1,000,000.

Answer 12

True

Kiima, 1987

Question 13

What challenges does Kenya face in mental health integration?

Answer 13

Health system strain due to repeat consultations and misdiagnoses.

Question 14

What does the WHO Mental Health Action Plan (2013-2030) aim to strengthen?

Answer 14

Leadership and governance for mental health.

Question 15

What is SDG 3.4 focused on?

Answer 15

Reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and promoting mental health.

Question 16

What is included in a national mental health policy?

Answer 16

Defined goals and frameworks for local implementation.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The WHO mhGAP program provides templates for integrating mental health into _______.

Answer 17

[primary care]

WHO, 2023

Question 18

What was the outcome of the randomized controlled trial in Nyanza province, Kenya?

Answer 18

20% improvement in clients’ symptoms and quality of life in intervention clinics.

Question 19

What should training programs for mental health focus on?

Answer 19

Skill-building in primary care.

Question 20

What is a significant implication for training in mental health?

Answer 20

Incorporate community-based experiences and exposure to diverse clients.

Question 21

What is a challenge in low-income countries regarding mental health professionals?

Answer 21

Less than one psychiatrist per million population.

Question 22

What is the importance of sustainability in mental health initiatives?

Answer 22

Prioritize long-term goals such as continuous professional development (CPD) for primary healthcare workers.

Question 23

What are the key components in mental health policies?

Answer 23

Supportive infrastructure, service integration, and legal frameworks.

Question 24

What is an example of a local intervention to address mental health issues?

Answer 24

Vocational training for youth to reduce unemployment-related mental health issues.