Early detection in mental health Flashcards
What is Early Detection in Mental Health?
Early detection refers to the identification of mental health conditions in individuals who may not be seeking help. The goal is to intervene before the condition worsens, improving long-term outcomes.
Early detection aims to identify individuals who are symptomatic but not yet receiving treatment.
What are the two main types of clinical screening for mental health?
- Universal Screening
- Selective Screening
Each type has distinct methods and target populations.
Define Universal Screening.
Involves screening the general population, even those not actively seeking help.
Example: Screening for depression in primary care settings using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
What is a key statistic supporting Universal Screening in Depression?
62% of individuals with depression do not seek help from their GP.
This highlights the need for proactive screening.
What are the advantages of Universal Screening?
- Identifying individuals who may not otherwise seek treatment
- Increasing detection rates
- Facilitating early intervention
These benefits can lead to improved mental health outcomes.
What is a limitation of Universal Screening?
High risk of false positives and low identification rates in some cases.
This can lead to unnecessary anxiety and follow-up for individuals.
Define Selective Screening.
Targeted screening for individuals at higher risk due to specific factors, such as pregnancy or incarceration.
Example: Antenatal Mental Health Screening for pregnant women.
What are the advantages of Selective Screening?
- More cost-effective
- Less time-consuming
- More practical and focused
Lower chances of false positives compared to universal screening.
What is the first stage of intervention in mental health?
Universal Prevention: Broad, population-wide efforts to prevent mental health issues before they emerge.
What are the four stages of intervention in mental health?
- Universal Prevention
- Early Detection
- Targeted Prevention
- Early Intervention
Each stage plays a crucial role in addressing mental health issues.
What is informed consent in the context of mental health screening?
Individuals must understand what their data will be used for and voluntarily agree to its use.
This is crucial for ethical screening practices.
What are some ethical issues related to informed consent?
- Coerced Consent
- Lack of Awareness
Individuals may agree to share data under pressure or may not fully understand the implications.
How can social media data be used in mental health screening?
To predict mental health conditions, such as detecting signs of depression through language analysis.
This raises ethical concerns regarding privacy.
What are some barriers to screening and early intervention?
- Stigma
- Lack of Support Networks
- Language Barriers
- Resource Limitations
These barriers can hinder access to necessary mental health services.
True or False: Mental health stigma can prevent people from seeking help.
True
Stigma is a significant barrier, particularly for individuals with severe mental illness.
What are arguments for using social media in mental health surveillance?
- Improved Early Detection
- Greater Reach
- Cost-Effective
These arguments highlight potential benefits in accessing hard-to-reach populations.
What are arguments against using social media for mental health surveillance?
- Privacy Concerns
- Potential for Misinterpretation
- Barriers to Help-Seeking
These concerns underscore the ethical implications of such practices.
Describe two issues with early detection mental health
Social media and data use. (NLP send a text to depression DEBATE WE HAD IN CLASS BY HUMPHREY 2016.)
- Ethical concerns such as privacy of individuals could be could be compromise and they do not know
- Essentially a false positive kind of situation because it will detect any depression word even when people are joking
- Lack of consent where people could be identified.
Namely advantage of selective screening
- More cost-effective in the long-term than universal screening.
- Can be more focused such as this time on false positives such as screening for mental health disorders in criminal justice system where high prevalence exists for this sub group.
What are some barriers to screening an early intervention?
- Stigma.
- Support. (Arango 2018)
Language barriers
Lack of resources, particularly with the NHS being underfunded
Which screening processes are in place and aren’t in place already?
- Prenatal mental health difficulties are screened and this affects up to 20% of women and can lead to an increase in death
- Mental health screaming in the criminal justice system for personality or psychotic disorders to help live reason of insanity plea is in place.
- Not in place is mental health screening for cancer patients even though it can have an impact on mental health and likely does
- Not in place is screening for people with serious mental health conditions which can shorten their lifespan by 20 years.
