Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive - Y3* > Menstrual Disorders > Flashcards

Menstrual Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How would you attempt to quantify heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
  • Need to change pads every 1-2 hours
  • Passage of clots greater than 2.5cm
  • Bleeding through clothes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the acronym for causes of menstrual disorders?

A

PALMCOIEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the acronym PALMCOEIN stand for?

A 
P - polyp
A - adenomyosis 
L - leiomyoma/fibroid
M - malignancy
C - coagulopathy
O - ovulation dysfunction
E - endometrial hyperplasia 
I - iatrogenic 
N - not yet classified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main categories of causes for heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
  • Uterine/ovarian pathologies
  • Systemic diseases and disorders
  • Iatrogenic causes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the uterine/ovarian causes of heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
  • Fibroids
  • Polyps
  • Endometriosis
  • Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma
  • PCOS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the systemic disease causes of heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
  • Coagulation disorders
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Liver or renal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the iatrogenic causes of heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
  • Anticoag treatment
  • Herbal supplements
  • IUDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the management for polyps?

A

Polypectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is adenomyosis?

A

Condition where endometrium becomes embedded in myometrium. Causes painful, heavy menstrual bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the management for adenomyosis?

A

May respond to hormones partially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Multi system involvement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does endometriosis present?

A
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dyspareunia
  • Lower back pain
  • Intermenstrual bleeding
  • Diarrhoea, nausea and bloating
  • Painful bowel movements or urination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Principles of managing heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
  • Impact on QoL
  • Underlying pathology
  • Desire for further fertility
  • Women’s preferences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the investigations for heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
  • Thorough history
  • Pelvic examination and remember to look at the cervix
  • Clotting profile
  • Thyroid function
  • Pelvic USS
  • Laparoscopy if suspected endometriosis
  • Endometrial biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the medical management for heavy menstrual bleeding?

A

• Tranexamic acid (blood loss)
• Mefenamic acid (prostaglandin inhibitor)
- preserving fertility or avoiding hormones
• Hormonal: COCP, Oral progestogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the surgical management for heavy menstrual bleeding?

A

Endometrial ablation

Hysterectomy

17
Q

What is endometrial ablation?

A

Permanent destruction of endometrium using different energy sources

18
Q

What is the difference in method between the first ablation and second ablation?

A
  • First ablation: under hysteroscopic vision

* Second ablation: thermal beam radiotherapy

19
Q

What is the uterine cavity length requirement for ablation?

A

<11cm

20
Q

What are the submucosal fibroids size requirement for ablation?

A

<3cm

21
Q

What are the different methods of performing hysterectomies?

A
  • Abdominal
  • Vaginal
  • Laparoscopic
22
Q

What are the different types of hysterectomies?

A
  • Subtotal
  • Total
  • Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy
  • Wertheim’s hysterectomy
23
Q

What is a subtotal hysterectomy?

A

Uterus not cervix

24
Q

What is a total hysterectomy?

A

Uterus, cervix and beginning of fallopian tubes

25
Q

What is a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy?

A

Uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries

26
Q

What is the follow-up for THBSO?

A

HRT till 50 y/o to prevent osteoporosis

27
Q

What is Wertheim’s hysterectomy?

A

Same as THBSO

+ surrounding area and upper part of vagina

28
Q

What’s the recovery like for a hysterectomy?

A

1-5 days in hospital, 2-3 months full recovery

29
Q

What are the risks of a hysterectomy?

A
  • Infection
  • DVT
  • Injury to surrounding structures (bladder/bowel/vessel injury) •Adhesions

Reproductive - Y3* (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions