Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive - Y3* > Infertility > Flashcards

Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chance of conception per cycle?

A

20%. Declines steeply after 35.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does it usually take for a couple to conceive?

A

2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What aspects have to work for conception to occur?

A
  • Ovulation - HPG axis
  • Sperm production - motility + outflow
  • Fertilisation - good tubal muscle spasms to move sperm
  • Implantation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition of infertility?

A

No conception after 1 year of regular unprotected sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When should you be referred for infertility?

A

If you fit definition but earlier if:
• Age >35
• Known cause for infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is primary infertility?

A

Never managed to have a pregnancy or father a child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is secondary infertility?

A

Have had a pregnancy/child before but are now unable to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the investigations for female infertility?

A
  • Ovarian reserve test/scan
  • Blood test: FSH at day 1-5 of cycle
  • Antimullerian hormone
  • Figure out if ovulation is happening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you figure out if ovulation is happening?

A
  • Natural methods
  • LH ovulation kits
  • Ovulation calendar
  • D21 serum progesterone: Levels > 20nmol/l shows satisfactory ovulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to investigate patency of fallopian tubes?

A
  • Hysterosalpingogram

* Laparoscopic dye test - pelvic infection or past gynae problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What other potential causes/investigations of infertility?

A
  • Hormones: Serum prolactin, TFT
  • STIs: Cervical smear update, Chlamydia screening
  • Infection: Rubella immunity
  • Imaging: Pelvic USS for uterine problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Following on from what you need to make conception happen, what are the potential issues causing infertility?

A
  • Ovulation disorders
  • Sperm problems
  • Tubal problems
  • Other treatments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the management for

ovulation disorders?

A
  • Optimise body weight + lifestyle
  • Medication: clomiphene citrate, gonadotrophins (direct FSH)
  • Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (PCOS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the management for

Sperm problems?

A
  • Gonadotrophins
  • Surgical sperm retrieval
  • Donor sperms
  • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the management for Tubal problems?

A
  • Surgery for mild tubal disease

* IVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the other causes of infertility?

A
  • Endometriosis

* Polyps/fibroids/adhesiolysis for synechiae

17
Q

What is the management of endometriosis?

A

Ablation or resection of spots, adhesions, cystectomy for endometrioma

18
Q

What is the management for Polyps/fibroids/adhesiolysis for synechiae?

A

Uterine surgery

19
Q

If infertility is still unresolved, what main areas do we manage?

A
  • Eggs

* Sperm

20
Q

When is IVF offered?

A

• Offered after 2 years

21
Q

If it’s an egg issue, how to manage?

A
  • Own eggs –> gonadotrophin induced superovulation

* Donor eggs –> age, poor quality, ovarian failure, genetic cause.

22
Q

If it’s a sperm issue, how to manage?

A
  • Fresh sample on the day of egg collection
  • Frozen sample thawed from surgical retrieval or fertility preservation
  • Donor sperm
23
Q

What is the process of IVF?

A
  1. Ovarian stimulation
  2. Follicular monitoring
  3. Timing ovulation
  4. Egg collection
  5. Lab fertilisation
  6. Incubation
  7. Embryo transfer
  8. Progesterone support with pessaries - Pregnancy test after 2 weeks, If +ve, scan at 7 weeks.
24
Q

What are the risks of IVF?

A
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
  • Multiple pregnancy
  • Medication side effects
  • Procedure related
25
Q

What are the long term effects of IVF?

A
  • No difference to children born :)
  • Risk of ovarian cancer not confirmed
  • Absolute risk to women and children low
26
Q

Interesting information about other fertility options:

A
  • Donor gametes
  • Fertility preservation
  • Ovarian tissue cryopreservation
  • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
  • Assisted hatching
  • IV maturation
  • Surrogacy

Reproductive - Y3* (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions