Cervical Cancer

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology from HPV to cervical cancer?

Answer 1

HPV –> persistent HPV –> cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 risk of pre-cancer–> cervical cancer

Question 2

What is the peak age for cervical cancer?

Answer 2

45-55 y/o

Question 3

What types of HPV are most likely to cause cervical cancer?

Answer 3

16, 18

Question 4

What are the risk factors for HPV?

Answer 4

Smoking
Early age of first intercourse
Multiple sexual partners
Older age of sexual partners

Question 5

What are the possible symptoms of cervical cancer?

Answer 5

Abnormal PV bleeding
Intermenstrual, post-coital bleeding
Discharge (necrotic mass)
Pain (neuropathic, rare, advanced stages)

Question 6

Between squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which one is more common?

Answer 6

Squamous carcinoma

Question 7

What is the staging for cervical cancer?

Answer 7

Stage 1A1, 1A2, 1B 
Stage 2 
Stage 3
Stage 4 
Mets

Question 8

What is Stage 1A1?

Answer 8

<3mm depth

Question 9

What is Stage 1A2?

Answer 9

<5mm depth

Question 10

What is Stage 1B?

Answer 10

Limited to the cervix

Question 11

What is Stage 2?

Answer 11

Upper 2/3 vagina

Question 12

What is Stage 3?

Answer 12

Lower vagina

Question 13

What is Stage 4?

Answer 13

Bladder/uterus

Question 14

Which organs are likely to have cervical cancer metastasis?

Answer 14

Liver, lungs, bone

Question 15

What is the treatment of cervical cancer?

Answer 15

• Excision of affected zone
• Hysterectomy
• Radical hysterectomy
• Chemoradiotherapy with ovary preservation for pre-menopausal women
• Chemoradiotherapy can also be done before or after surgery