MEMORY- factors affecting EWT

Question 1

misleading info
leading questions research- loftus and palmer procedure (3)

Answer 1

-response bias explanation suggests the wording of the question influences answers
-45 students watched car crash clips
-were asked leading questions with different verb severity (hit, bumped, collided, smashed, contacted)

Question 2

misleading info
leading questions research- loftus and palmer findings

Answer 2

-contacted= 31.8mph
-smashed=40.5mph

Question 3

misleading info
2 effects of PED

Answer 3

-memory contamination- co witnesses discussing an event- leads to distorted/altered EWT
-memory conformity- co witnesses go along with each other to win social approval- actual memory is unchanged

Question 4

misleading info
PED research- Gabbert procedure (2)

Answer 4

-studied p’s in pairs. Each person in pair watched same video, different POV (each person saw things the other couldn’t)
-discussed what they saw before individually doing a test

Question 5

misleading info
PED research- Gabbert findings (2)

Answer 5

-71% recalled aspects they didnt see but picked up in discussion
-control group with no discussion= 0%

Question 6

anxiety
what is weapon focus (3)

Answer 6

-negative effect on anxiety
-presence of weapons leads to anxiety- focus attention on weapon
-reduces recall of other details

Question 7

anxiety
weapon focus research- johnson and scott procedure (3)

Answer 7

-p’s in waiting room- 2 conditions
-low anxiety- p;s overhear convo, man walks out with pen and grease on hands
-high anxiety- p’s overhear argument and hear breaking glass. Man walks out with bloody knife

Question 8

anxiety
weapon focus research- johnson and scott findings (4)

Answer 8

-49% in low anxiety identified man with pen
-33% in high anxiety identified man with knife
-p’s exposed to knife had more anxiety+focused attention on it instead of the face of the target
-tunnel theory of memory

Question 9

anxiety
what is fight or flight (3)

Answer 9

-positive effect of anxiety
-biological response triggered by anxiety
-increases alertness- can improve memory due to increased awareness of cues in the situation

Question 10

anxiety
fight for flight research- yuille and cutshall procedure (4)

Answer 10

-study of real shooting- shop owner shot thief dead
-13/21 witnesses took part in study and were interviewed 4-5 months after shooting
-interviews were compared with original police interviews
-witnesses rated their stress on 7-point scale

Question 11

anxiety
fight for flight research- yuille and cutshall findings and conclusion (3)

Answer 11

-very accurate even after 5 months
-witness who reported higher stress were more accurate than lower stress (88% vs 75%)
-anxiety doesnt drastically change EWT accuracy in real life contexts