memory and attention

Question 1

what is the capacity and duration for sensory memory

Answer 1

high capacity as it stores data from all the senses
short duration and most data gets forgotten straight away

Question 2

what is the capacity and duration for working memory

Answer 2

limited capacity
short duration 10s of seconds

Question 3

what is the capacity and duration for long term memory

Answer 3

unlimited

Question 4

what information does working memory contain

Answer 4

what youre currently paying attention to therefore when your attention changes the data is deleted

Question 5

what is working memory triggered by

Answer 5

perception and thought
when you think of something all related info stored is fired up

Question 6

7 +- 2

Answer 6

the chunks that we can store if theyre all connected
3/4 if not

Question 7

how can we get working memory to record 20-30 sec of info

Answer 7

if we keep looking at it or repeating it

Question 8

chunking

Answer 8

combining information into chunks allowing us to store more things

Question 9

central executive

Answer 9

coordinating component
controls what were paying attention to

Question 10

visiospatial sketchpad

Answer 10

inner eye
pictures appear in our head when we remember something

Question 11

epsiodic buffer

Answer 11

ordering and sequencing

Question 12

phonological loop

Answer 12

inner voice
sound speech and language from visuals

Question 13

implicit long term memory

Answer 13

muscle memory/motor action
lasts longer than explicit

Question 14

explicit long term memory

Answer 14

facts

Question 15

what are the 3 types of explicit long term memory

Answer 15

spacial; the location in the environment or on a screen
episodic; experiences you have
semantic; retained facts

Question 16

how do we encode long term memory

Answer 16

we experience them via senses and they’re encoded and stored in memory visually, acoustically or semantically

Question 17

how are memories stored

Answer 17

with things similar to them and theyre not all stored the same way

Question 18

what is the difficulty of retrieval based on

Answer 18

practice, recency and context

Question 19

what is the difference between recall and recognition

Answer 19

recall; being able to remember something without being prompted
recognition; recognizing something youve seen before

Question 20

which is easier between recall and recognition and why

Answer 20

recognition as it is aided by external information which provides cues and reactivates memories

Question 21

spacial memory

Answer 21

remembering regions not specific regions
allows us to define spacial relations between objects

Question 22

what is attention

Answer 22

the mechanism that allocates cognitive recourses to tasks

Question 23

what are the 6 types of attention in the hierarchal model of attention

Answer 23

divided
alternating
selective
sustained
focused
arousal

Question 24

divided attention

Answer 24

attending to different tasks at the same time

Question 25

alternating attention

Answer 25

switching between different tasks

Question 26

selective attention

Answer 26

focus on 1 stimuli amongst many others

Question 27

sustained attention

Answer 27

concentrating on 1 stimuli amongst many others

Question 28

focused stimuli

Answer 28

focusing on a particular stimuli for a longer period of time

Question 29

arousal

Answer 29

activation/alertness level

Question 30

what is the spotlight model

Answer 30

anything in the spotlight is what is being focused on
small amount of space that moves very quickly
anything not in the spotlight is ignored

Question 31

what does focused attention determine and what is it triggered by

Answer 31

what we have in working memory which is triggered by perception and thought

Question 32

selective attention

Answer 32

the ability to focus on 1 stimuli and ignore distractors

Question 33

filter model

Answer 33

sensory data is filtered and only selected data becomes processed further

Question 34

overt attention

Answer 34

focal vision; what youre looking at

Question 35

covert attention

Answer 35

peripheral vision; the background

Question 36

attenuation model

Answer 36

the information isn’t filtered but the volume of things were not paying attention to is lowered

Question 37

cocktail party effect

Answer 37

the ability to focus on 1 conversation whilst processing others in the background
tune into the background based on familiarity

Question 38

top-down attention

Answer 38

internal cues un our head based on goals intention and expectations

Question 39

what are the 2 parts of attention cueing

Answer 39

top-down and bottom-up attention

Question 40

bottom-up attention

Answer 40

involuntary external cues driven by sensory stimuli

Question 41

salience

Answer 41

the effectiveness of features to draw attention due to contrast

Question 42

what is an example of something salient

Answer 42

pop up features

Question 43

saliency maps

Answer 43

an image where brightness of a pixel represents saliency

Question 44

what is the multiple recourse theory of attention

Answer 44

when tasks require different recourses youre able to do them in parallel however if they require the same one then they interfere with eachother and will have to be done one at a time

Question 45

inattentional blindness

Answer 45

not noticing something in plain view as youre not paying attention to it
focusing on whats relevant to your goals

Question 46

change blindness

Answer 46

not noticing changes introduced in the visual scene

Question 47

what is an example of change blindness

Answer 47

fast changes on displays can be missed when we blink

Question 48

bias in perception based on goals

Answer 48

seeing only what relates to our goals

Question 49

bias in perception based on expectations

Answer 49

perceive the expected structure instead of actually looking