design principle

Question 1

visibility

Answer 1

providing cues in the user interface that helps users recognise possible actions and how to do them

Question 2

affordances

Answer 2

what we can do with things in our environment

the relationship between properties of an object and the capabilities of the user that determines how the object could be used

Question 3

physical affordances

Answer 3

properties of an object that afford certain actions

Question 4

what is an example of a physical affordance

Answer 4

buttons affording pressing

Question 5

affordances of objects

Answer 5

some objects invite actions and tell us what to do with them

Question 6

demand character

Answer 6

certain designs demand us to interact in a certain way

Question 7

perceptual affordances

Answer 7

affordances of software that include all actions possible for the user via the user interface

action possibilities that the user can immediately recognise

Question 8

what is an example of a perceptual affordance

Answer 8

buttons looking clickable

Question 9

signifiers

Answer 9

indicators or signals that announce affordances but can also exist on their own

Question 10

what is an example of an affordance of an object

Answer 10

door handle = pull

Question 11

sensory indicators

Answer 11

perceived without thinking
icons/sounds/animations
based on a learned meaning of the signifier

Question 12

cognitive indicators

Answer 12

require more processing
labels and instructions

Question 13

how do signifiers show what’s not possible

Answer 13

greyed-out options

Question 14

constraints

Answer 14

limit the actions the user can perform

Question 15

what is an example of a constraint

Answer 15

date picker to avoid format errors

Question 16

what are the 4 types of constraints

Answer 16

physical
semantic
logic
cultural

Question 17

physical constraints

Answer 17

hardware limiting actions
e.g. only being able to join cables in one way

Question 18

semantic constraints

Answer 18

thinking about what makes sense based on the situation
e.g. greyed out options

Question 19

logic constraints

Answer 19

only one possibility for the action so the user goes with that one

Question 20

cultural constraints

Answer 20

apply cultural conventions
e.g.red = stop

Question 21

what are the 2 forcing functions that constraints can use to avoid errors

Answer 21

lock in prevents you from leaving a process prematurely
lock out prevents you from completing an action

Question 22

feedback

Answer 22

provides feedback on actions and the status of the system and interactions in real time

Question 23

which design principles prevent the gulf of execution

Answer 23

constraints
affordances
visibility
signifiers

Question 24

which design principles prevent the gulf of evaluation

Answer 24

feedback

Question 25

how can delays been shown when receiving feedback

Answer 25

loading circle or progress bar

Question 26

feedback on errors

Answer 26

users should be able to understand all error messages in order to get back on track

Question 27

what are the 6 types of design rules

Answer 27

generality authority golden rules style guides standards design patterns

Question 28

generality

Answer 28

do they apply to many design situations or are they specific

Question 29

authority

Answer 29

how important it is that you apply the guidance

Question 30

what are the 8 golden rules

Answer 30

strive for continuity seek universal usability offer informative feedback design dialogues to yield closure prevent errors permit easy reversal of actions keep users in control reduce short term memory load

Question 31

strive for consistency

Answer 31

the ui should be consistent within itself but also across other apple that the user may come across

Question 31

what are the 5 types of consistency

Answer 31

internal external syntactic semantic terminological

Question 32

what happens when a ui isn't consistent

Answer 32

it can be hard for the user to know what the effect of their actions will be

Question 33

internal consistency

Answer 33

within the same application

Question 34

external consistency

Answer 34

across applications

Question 35

syntactic consistency

Answer 35

organizational e.g. buttons should be displayed the same way each time

Question 36

semantic consistency

Answer 36

the meaning of things stay the same

Question 37

terminological consistency

Answer 37

words e.g. "ok" always being the label of the button for ok

Question 38

seek universal usability

Answer 38

recognising the different types and contexts of users e.g. experts vs novices

Question 39

offer informative feedback

Answer 39

there should be appropriate feedback in response to each action

Question 40

design dialogues to yield closure

Answer 40

ensuring that interactions between the user and the system have a clear beginning middle and end

Question 41

prevent errors

Answer 41

help the user stay on track and not get to the point of an error

Question 42

permit easy reversal of actions

Answer 42

providing undo functions

Question 43

keep the user in control

Answer 43

the user should be feel like the system is responding to their actions and they're controlling it

Question 44

reduce short term memory load

Answer 44

the system should remember things for the user and they shouldn't have to input int=formation multiple times

Question 45

standards

Answer 45

established guidelines and best practices

Question 46

what are the 4 principles of usability according to wcag

Answer 46

perceivable operable understandable robust

Question 47

perceivable

Answer 47

information must be presented in a way that users can perceive it

Question 48

operable

Answer 48

components and navigation must be operable

Question 49

understandable

Answer 49

info should be understandable should help users avoid mistakes

Question 50

robust

Answer 50

must be robust enough to be interpreted reliably by user agents including assistive technologies

Question 51

design patterns

Answer 51

recurring solutions that solve common design problems

Question 52

style guides

Answer 52

a design standard for specific products platforms and libraries that creates guidance for developers

Question 53

what do design patterns describe

Answer 53

a common problem context it appears in the solution and rationale examples of the pattern being illustrated

Question 54

what do style guides define

Answer 54

what the ui should look like how its operated hoe it reacts to an input what it feels like