Memory Flashcards
After overhearing the word ”party” in a whispered conversation, Mark is able to more quickly make out other phrases like “tomorrow” and “don’t tell Mark”.
Positive priming
Chris remembers her 16 digit credit card number by breaking it down into groups of 4 numbers.
Chunking
While writing a history paper, Tom misattributes a quote.
Source monitoring error
Susan recalls her friends’ birthdays by visualizing and associating the dates with landmarks on her walk home.
Method of loci
n a research study, Bill is repeatedly told to pick up a fork. When researchers tell Bill to pick up a spoon, he hesitates and initially reaches for the fork.
Negative priming
Hearing the word “Paris” makes Rachel think of the Eiffel Tower, croissants, and art museums.
Spreading activation theory
What is the difference between procedural and explicit memory?
One method of distinguishing procedural memory from explicit memory is to ask yourself if the information can be easily taught through verbal instructions.
Knowing how to swim
Procedural memory
Recalling the date of your birthday
Explicit memory
Repeating a random series of numbers after someone
Short-term memory
Reminiscing a summer vacation
Episodic memory
Using basic arithmetic while doing mental math
Working memory
older memories inhibit the consolidation/retrieval of new memories
proactive interference
new memories or knowledge interferes with older knowledge
retroactive interference
what are the types of amnesia
retro and anterograde amnesia
Korsakaff’s Syndrome
causes anterograde and retrograde Amneisa, confabulation where people create elaborate false stories, nutritional deficiency of thiamine (b12).
True or false: the misinformation effect refers to when people forget the source of information.
This statement is false. The statement is a definition of source monitoring error. The misinformation effect refers to when new information influences our recall or perception of previous experiences.
Kevin struggles to drive his new car despite previously being an excellent driver. This is an example of:
Anterograde interference. Kevin’s comfort and skill with his old car is hindering his ability to adapt to driving his new car. This is an example of anterograde interference because his prior knowledge and memory are preventing him from learning a new way of doing things.
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve
The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve simply shows that continuously reviewing information will slow down the process of forgetting.
Presenting information in various formats enhances recall.
This is known as the dual-coding effect.
study over a long period instead of cramming all the information right before the exam because sustained studying improves recall.
The spacing effect
True or False: positive and negative priming both have to do with the encoding of information
False, with the recell
When Angela is recalling the first baseball game she attended, she is retrieving a(n):
episodic memory
After learning that a student had cheated on an exam, a professor perceives the student as being dishonest and suspicious during previous interactions. This is an example of:
the misinformation effect
Fluid intelligence
ability to learn new skills
Crystallized intelligence
Crystallized intelligence refers to all the accumulated knowledge from life experiences. As people age, they have more experiences, which increases their crystallized intelligence.
