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BELLE MCAT Psych/Soc > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Defined as increased awareness

A

Alertness

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2
Q

Important brain structure associated with alertness

A

Reticular formation and reticular activating system located in brainstem

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3
Q

True or False: Humans are always conscious

A

False- when we fall asleep we are unconcscious, and there are differing levels of consciousness

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4
Q

State in which a person has lost consciousness, does not make any voluntary motions/movements, does not react to stimuli,

A

Coma

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5
Q

These waves are high frequency, low amplitude waves and not particuarly rythmic

A

Beta waves

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6
Q

Waves associated with being awake

A

Beta

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7
Q

Waves associated with closing your eyes but not being alseep

A

Alpha waves

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8
Q

Part of sleep where you experience atonia

A

RM

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9
Q

REM Rebound

A

Catching up on lost REM sleep, “SLeep Bank”

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10
Q

Which stage of sleep is associated with the aspects displayed in the graph:

A

Stage 2

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11
Q

Stage of sleep characterized by theta waves and slow eye movement

A

stage 1

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12
Q

stage of rem associated with no eye motion, slowing of breathing and HR, and K complexes and sleep spindles

A

Stage 2

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13
Q

Stage of sleep associated with delta waves and memory consolidation

A

stage 3

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14
Q

Average time for a single sleep cycle in ADULTS

A

90 minutes

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15
Q

WHich hormones are associated with regulating circadian rythm?

A

Melatonin from the pineal gland and cortisol from the adrenal cortex

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16
Q

Sleep disorder categorized by cataplexy, abnormal REM, and hypnagogic hallucinations

A

Narcolepsy

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17
Q

List the dysomnias

A

Insomnia, Narcolepsy, sleep apnea

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18
Q

List the parasomnias

A

somnabulism (sleep walking), night terrors (fight or flight response)

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19
Q

You have a dream that you have an exam tomorrow. In your dream, you realize that you havent even started studying for it and are not prepared. What is the manifest content and the latent content of this dream?

A

Manifest: the fact that you have an exam the next day in your dream

Latent: anxiety about school work, grades, maybe upcoming exams

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20
Q

There are three models to explin dreams. What are they?

A

Activation synthesis, problem solving theory, cognitive theory

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21
Q

WHich dream model: neurons activate during sleep and synthesize experience

A

Activation synthesis model

22
Q

Which Dream Model: dreams are a way of solving problems

A

problem solving theory

23
Q

Which dream model: Dreams visualize our cognitive processes

A

cognitive theory

24
Q

Inducing a hypersuggestible state, subject may respond normally to most stimuli with effects that may persist afterwards

A

Hypnosis

25
Q

True or false: Meditation has been shown to promote beta and theta waves in experienced practitioners.

A

This statement is false. Meditation has been shown to promote alpha and theta waves in experienced practitioners. Beta waves are associated with alertness and are not promoted during meditation.

26
Q

Repeatedly engage in activating reward pathways despite adverse outcomes

A

Addiction

27
Q

What makes addiction and dependence different?

A

Dependence you can have withdrawal, addiction there is the added component of negative outcomes

28
Q

A smoker continues to smoke even after being diagnosed with COPD. This is an example of…

A

Addiction!

29
Q

Drug Class: Nicotine

A

Stimulant

30
Q

Drug Class: Caffeine

A

Stimulant

31
Q

Drug Class: MDMA

A

Stimulant (molly/ectasy)

32
Q

Drug Class: Cocaine

A

Strong stimulant

33
Q

Drug Class: Amphetamine

A

Stimulant

34
Q

Drug type that activates sympathetic NS and increases alertness

A

Stimulant

35
Q

Drug type that decreases CNS activity, has physchological and physiological effects, lowers heart rate and BP

A

Depressant

36
Q

Drug Class: Ethanol

A

Depressant

37
Q

THis drug enhances the action of gaba receptors

A

Alcohol

38
Q

What does enhancing the action of gaba receptor do?

A
39
Q
A
40
Q

Blocking adenosine receptors is a characteristic of what kind of drug?

A

Stimulants. Adenosine makes you drowsy. Blocking it makes you not. THis is true with caffeine.

41
Q

THis condition can be marked by anterograde and retrograde amnesia, it is associated with chronic alcoholism, depleted B12, and confabulation (invented memories).

A

Korsakoff syndrome

42
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated with benzodiazepenes and barbituarites?

A

GABA! Inhibitory neurotransmitter gets increased

43
Q
A
44
Q

Was actually developed by researcher but is closley related to morphine

A

Heroin

45
Q

Drug class: codeine, fentenyl, oxycontin, hydrocodone

A

Opiods

46
Q

Endorphin receptor agonists

A

Opioids

47
Q

Distort perception, enhance sensation, promote introspection

A

Hallinogenics

48
Q

Drug class: LSD, ketamine, peyote, psilocybin, PCP

A

hallucinogens

49
Q

Binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain

A

MARYJANEEEE

50
Q

What is the mesolymbic pathway

A

THe mesolymbic pathway is the reward pathway. It includes dopminergic neurons nucleus accumbens, ventral tagemntal area, olfactory tubule, medial forebrain bundle. It is. associated with motivation and reinforcement learning

51
Q

The effects of hallucinogens are said to mimic ______ nervous system activity.

A

While the mechanisms of hallucinogens are beyond the scope of the MCAT, their effects typically mimic sympathetic nervous system arousal.

BELLE MCAT Psych/Soc (24 decks)

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