Memory Flashcards
Name the process by which we take something we have observed (encountered), and convert it into a form we can store, retrieve and use.
Memory
There are 3 processes of memory and they are
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Name that process of memory
_____ is the process whereby information is placed within a context or code for possible later retrieval.
Encoding
Name that process of memory
What is the process of material being transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory.
Storage
- The retention of encoded information over time.
- Material can be stored in long-term memory indefinitely.
Name that process of memory
What is the process of information being recalled from long-term memory to the STM memory
Retrieval
- Ease of retrieval depends on a number of factors such as how effectively material was encoded initially, and how often it is retrieved
A mental representation is a _____ _____ of a stimulus or category of stimuli
mental model
Mental Representations include
Sensory representations
Verbal representations
Motoric representations
These enable us to recall the general characteristics of something that is represented in a variety of forms, such as visual image, conceptual, or physical movements.
Mental Representations
Mental Representations
_____ representations are the immediate, very brief storage of information in a SENSORY mode (vision, sound, taste, smell and touch)
SENSORY
For example, the image of where the USB plug is on your computer. This visual image enables you to immediately plug it in whereas the first time you need it you may have had to search for it.
Motoric representations are a a momentary SENSORY memory of physical stimuli or
the ability to physically remember and repeat body actions or forms.
The Information Processing Model of Memory consists of three stores
Sensory Registers
Short-term Memory (STM) Long-term Memory (LTM)
The Information Processing Model of Memory also highlights where the processes of _____ and _____ occur
rehearsal, retrieval
Information Processing Model
Rehearsal occurs in in
STM
Information Processing Model
Retrieval occurs from the ____ to the ____
LTM, STM
Name the Information Processing Model steps
stimulus enters sensory registers where it is either lost or deemed important enough to be processed through the STM. Again information is either lost or rehearsed so as to aid storage in the LTM. Retrieval occurs from LTM to STM.
The Information Processing Model
_____ registers Hold information about a perceived stimulus for a fraction of a second after the stimulus disappears
Sensory
The Information Processing Model
There is only one _____ register for every sensory _____.
sensory, system
The Information Processing Model
Within the SENSORY registers is
Iconic storage
and
Echoic storage
A momentary SENSORY memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Iconic storage
a momentary SENSORY memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Echoic storage
The SENSORY registers have a very _____ duration (~1/2 sec hold) but potentially _____ capacity.
limited, unlimited
The Information Processing Model
Information from the sensory registers that is attended to moves into the
Short term Memory (STM)
The Information Processing Model
Stimuli that does not make a significant impression will not be transferred to short-term memory but rather be dropped from
the sensory register.
The Information Processing Model
Once information makes it to Short-term Memory it is held there for roughly __ to __
20-30 seconds