Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 101 > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

_____ refers to the use of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, problem-solve and obtain outcomes valuable for the individual and/or culture.

A

Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intelligence is _____: Can be expressed in one or more domains

A

multifaceted,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intelligence is ______: Directed at solving problems or accomplishing a task

A

functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intelligence is defined and shaped by _____.

A

culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

intelligence is _____, _____ and _____ defined

A

multifaceted, functional, culturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intelligence

A

The capacity for goal-directed adaptive behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intelligence tests are _____ instruments designed to assess and individual’s _____ capabilities _____ to others in the population.

A

psychometric, cognitive, relative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who was better known for intelligence testing in 1905

A

Alfred Binet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Binet and Simon (his associate) introduced the concept of

A

Mental Age (MA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who revised intelligence testing and modified it

A

Lewis Terman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stanford-Binet scale

A

A revised and modified version of intelligence testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stanford-Binet conceptualised

A

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IQ is a score that

A

quantifies intellectual functioning to allow for comparison among individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IQ = (__/__) X 100

A

mental age, chronological age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the approach that devised tests to measure a person’s cognitive level relative to others in a population

A

Psychometric approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychometric approach

tests that measure/assess psychological attributes such as personality traits or intellectual abilities.

A

Psychometric instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who was the first to try to systematically measure intelligence

A

Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Galton also developed the _____ _____ ( represents the relationship between two variables, such as the degree to which intelligence was correlated in twins).

A

correlation coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____ _____ in particular adapted Binet’s scale for military testing during World War 1

A

Lewis Terman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The _____ _____ for literate adults ad the ____ _____ for those who were not literate or did not speak English

A

Army Alpha and Army Beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Today intelligence testing in the form of the _____ _____ _____ is used in Australian schools to track student performance

A

Monitoring Standards in Education (MSE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Devised mental age concept

A

MA = average age at which children achieve an actual score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Binet’s Scale believed that a true measure of intelligence is an individual’s performance on complex tasks of _____ _____ _____

A

memory, judgement, and comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IQ [(MA/CA) x 100)] could be used to assess children’s intelligence but could not be applied to who?

A

Adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Who minimised the previous cultural and linguistic biases of IQ testing?
David Wechsler.
26
To overcome the original formula for MA not being able to be applied to adults what modification did Wecshler make
abandoning the notion of mental age and comparing people with age equivalent peers on a frequency distribution of intelligence.
27
WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale V4
28
WISC-IV
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children V4
29
IQ is measured on a number of subtests which distinguish between ____ and ____.
Verbal Intelligence | Non-verbal Intelligence
30
Most people's IQ test scored fall within?
85, 115
31
Extremes of Intelligence
Intellectual Impairment Giftedness Creativity and Intelligence
32
- Significantly below average general intellectual functioning - IQ less than 70 - Deficits appear in more than one domain - May be genetic in origin: Down Syndrome - May be biological in origin: Phenylketonuria - May be environmental in origin: Exposure to teratogens (e.g., Foetal Alcohol Syndrome)
Intellectual Impairment
33
Intellectual disability refers to
significantly below average general intellectual functioning with deceits in adaptive functioning first evident in childhood and are present in more than one domain
34
What are the features of Giftedness and Creativity
- Can reflect academic, musical, social or athletic ability - Often associated with an IQ of over 130 (in Western countries) - Creativity: the ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way; moderately correlated with IQ - Creativity may be measured through divergent thinking: the ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation.
35
the ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way; moderately correlated with IQ
Creativity
36
A harmful environmental agent that can cause malformation or death of a foetus.
Teratogen.
37
Creativity may be measured through _____ _____.
divergent thinking
38
divergent thinking
the ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation.
39
Reflects a test’s ability to assess the construct it was designed to measure.
Validity - can be assessed by correlating a test’s results with a relevant external measure (Criterion) such as school performance
40
Reflects a test’s ability to produce consistent results.
Reliability - Tests of intelligence have high reliability (e.g., even over three-year periods during childhood WISC-IV scores remain stable)
41
There is a correlation coefficient of between __ and __ for the relation of intelligence testing and school grades
.60 and .70
42
Tests that are without the cultural differences that could impact on performance
Culture free Test
43
Fair tests that were designed to measure skills and knowledge common across cultures.
Culture Fair Tests
44
Approaches to Intelligence
Psychometric approach Information-processing approach Contemporary approaches
45
tries to identify groups of items in a test that correlate highly with each other in order to discover underlying skills or abilities
Psychometric approach
46
An examination of the mental processes that underlie intelligent behaviour
Information-processing approach
47
_____ _____: argue that intelligence is a function of multiple systems
Contemporary approaches
48
Contemporary approaches look at _____ of intelligence
systems
49
The Information-processing approach looks at the underlying _____ of intelligence,
processes
50
The primary tool of the psychometric approach is?
factor analysis
51
Psychometric approach A statistical procedure for identifying common elements or factors that underlie a performance across a set of tasks.
factor analysis
52
Psychometric approach The _____ _____ is a hierarchical model with specific factors embedded in more general factors:
Gf-Gc theory
53
Psychometric approach Gf-Gc theory
Fluid intelligence | Crystallised intelligence
54
Psychometric approach refers to mental processes used in processing information and approaching novel problems rather than specific information (declines with age
Fluid intelligence
55
Psychometric approach Crystallised intelligence
refers to a person’s knowledge base (increases with age)
56
Psychometric approach Who created the two-factor theory of intelligence, and what were the factors
Charles Spearman, general and specific intelligence
57
______ _____ is defined as intellectual capacities that have no specific content but are used in processing information
Fluid intelligence
58
_____ _____ is defined as people’s store of knowledge, so it is closely related to education, e.g., comprehension tasks.
Crystallised intelligence
59
Contemporary Approaches
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg) | Theory of Multiple Intelligences
60
Contemporary Approaches Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)
Experiential intelligence Contextual intelligence Componential intelligence
61
Contemporary Approaches - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg) Coping with novel situations and learning new responses
Experiential intelligence = creative
62
Contemporary Approaches - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg) Judging the most effective approach in the given context
Contextual intelligence = practical
63
Contemporary Approaches - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg) The ability to put together the mental processing components needed when problem-solving
Componential intelligence = analytical
64
Contemporary Approaches - (Sternberg) In addition to Triarchic Theory's experiential intelligence, contextual and componential intelligence, Sternberg has more recently identified three more types of intelligence
analytical, creative and practical
65
Contemporary Approaches - (Sternberg) _____ is closely associated with academic success. _____ intelligence is the ability to develop novel ways of resolving problems and _____ intelligence is the ability to resolve everyday problems and use commonsense effectively.
Analytical, Creative, practical
66
Contemporary Approaches - Gardner Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Gardner) contains 7 intelligencesF
``` Musical Bodily/kinesthetic Spatial Verbal/linguistic Logical/mathematical Intra-personal (self-understanding) Social ```
67
Information processing approach What are the 3 variables that people differ on in regards to intelligence
speed of processing - speed of performance in a task knowledge base - info in LTM the ability to learn and apply mental strategies
68
Psychometric approach Charles Spearman was the first to:
apply factor analysis to intelligence tests
69
Psychometric approach Spearman distinguished between _____ and _____ intelligence. _____ intelligence (the g factor) reflects high scores on arithmetical ability, general knowledge and vocabulary. _____ abilities (s factors) are specific abilities that are unique to certain tests or shared only by a subset of tests.
general, specific, General, Specific
70
People’s general world knowledge is known as:
Crystallised Intelligence
71
Information processing approach Research shows that speed of processing correlates with:
Academic Achievement
72
Contemporary Approaches - Gardner Gardner argues that:
people have multiple intelligences because they have multiple neural modules
73
If people choose mates with IQs and _____ experiences similar to their own and if they choose ______ that fit their talents and interests, heritability coefficients will be _____.
cultural, environments, inflated
74
Since many people in Australia and New Zealand tend to choose mates whose cultural experiences are similar to their own and tend to look for occupations that maximize their abilities, heritability scores tend to be:
Higher than they should be
75
Research by Scarr and Weingberg conducted in the US showed that black children adopted in the _____ year of life scored an average IQ of _____, which was at least _____ points higher than children raised in the black community where economic deprivation was much more common. Ten years later, scores of adopted black children remained _____ the average of their community-raised counterparts.
first, 110, 20, above
76
Jensen’s conclusion that group differences in IQ scores are due to genetic differences:
is not supported
77
The difference between the average heights of soldiers who fought at Gallipoli and those who fought in Iraq is:
Entirely environmental
78
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test, used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score.
Factor Analysis.

Psych 101 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions