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Psych 101 > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

_____ refers to the use of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, problem-solve and obtain outcomes valuable for the individual and/or culture.

A

Intelligence

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2
Q

Intelligence is _____: Can be expressed in one or more domains

A

multifaceted,

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3
Q

Intelligence is ______: Directed at solving problems or accomplishing a task

A

functional

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4
Q

Intelligence is defined and shaped by _____.

A

culture

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5
Q

intelligence is _____, _____ and _____ defined

A

multifaceted, functional, culturally

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6
Q

Intelligence

A

The capacity for goal-directed adaptive behaviour

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7
Q

Intelligence tests are _____ instruments designed to assess and individual’s _____ capabilities _____ to others in the population.

A

psychometric, cognitive, relative.

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8
Q

Who was better known for intelligence testing in 1905

A

Alfred Binet

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9
Q

Binet and Simon (his associate) introduced the concept of

A

Mental Age (MA)

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10
Q

Who revised intelligence testing and modified it

A

Lewis Terman

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11
Q

Stanford-Binet scale

A

A revised and modified version of intelligence testing

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12
Q

Stanford-Binet conceptualised

A

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

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13
Q

IQ is a score that

A

quantifies intellectual functioning to allow for comparison among individuals

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14
Q

IQ = (__/__) X 100

A

mental age, chronological age.

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15
Q

What is the approach that devised tests to measure a person’s cognitive level relative to others in a population

A

Psychometric approach

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16
Q

Psychometric approach

tests that measure/assess psychological attributes such as personality traits or intellectual abilities.

A

Psychometric instruments

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17
Q

Who was the first to try to systematically measure intelligence

A

Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911)

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18
Q

Galton also developed the _____ _____ ( represents the relationship between two variables, such as the degree to which intelligence was correlated in twins).

A

correlation coefficient

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19
Q

____ _____ in particular adapted Binet’s scale for military testing during World War 1

A

Lewis Terman

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20
Q

The _____ _____ for literate adults ad the ____ _____ for those who were not literate or did not speak English

A

Army Alpha and Army Beta

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21
Q

Today intelligence testing in the form of the _____ _____ _____ is used in Australian schools to track student performance

A

Monitoring Standards in Education (MSE)

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22
Q

Devised mental age concept

A

MA = average age at which children achieve an actual score

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23
Q

Binet’s Scale believed that a true measure of intelligence is an individual’s performance on complex tasks of _____ _____ _____

A

memory, judgement, and comprehension

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24
Q

IQ [(MA/CA) x 100)] could be used to assess children’s intelligence but could not be applied to who?

A

Adults

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25
Q

Who minimised the previous cultural and linguistic biases of IQ testing?

A

David Wechsler.

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26
Q

To overcome the original formula for MA not being able to be applied to adults what modification did Wecshler make

A

abandoning the notion of mental age and comparing people with age equivalent peers on a frequency distribution of intelligence.

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27
Q

WAIS-IV

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale V4

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28
Q

WISC-IV

A

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children V4

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29
Q

IQ is measured on a number of subtests which distinguish between ____ and ____.

A

Verbal Intelligence

Non-verbal Intelligence

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30
Q

Most people’s IQ test scored fall within?

A

85, 115

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31
Q

Extremes of Intelligence

A

Intellectual Impairment
Giftedness
Creativity and Intelligence

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32
Q
  • Significantly below average general intellectual functioning
  • IQ less than 70
  • Deficits appear in more than one domain
  • May be genetic in origin: Down Syndrome
  • May be biological in origin: Phenylketonuria
  • May be environmental in origin: Exposure to teratogens (e.g., Foetal Alcohol Syndrome)
A

Intellectual Impairment

33
Q

Intellectual disability refers to

A

significantly below average general intellectual functioning with deceits in adaptive functioning first evident in childhood and are present in more than one domain

34
Q

What are the features of Giftedness and Creativity

A
  • Can reflect academic, musical, social or athletic ability
  • Often associated with an IQ of over 130 (in Western countries)
  • Creativity: the ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way; moderately correlated with IQ
  • Creativity may be measured through divergent thinking: the ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation.
35
Q

the ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way; moderately correlated with IQ

A

Creativity

36
Q

A harmful environmental agent that can cause malformation or death of a foetus.

A

Teratogen.

37
Q

Creativity may be measured through _____ _____.

A

divergent thinking

38
Q

divergent thinking

A

the ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation.

39
Q

Reflects a test’s ability to assess the construct it was designed to measure.

A

Validity - can be assessed by correlating a test’s results with a relevant external measure (Criterion) such as school performance

40
Q

Reflects a test’s ability to produce consistent results.

A

Reliability - Tests of intelligence have high reliability (e.g., even over three-year periods during childhood WISC-IV scores remain stable)

41
Q

There is a correlation coefficient of between __ and __ for the relation of intelligence testing and school grades

A

.60 and .70

42
Q

Tests that are without the cultural differences that could impact on performance

A

Culture free Test

43
Q

Fair tests that were designed to measure skills and knowledge common across cultures.

A

Culture Fair Tests

44
Q

Approaches to Intelligence

A

Psychometric approach
Information-processing approach
Contemporary approaches

45
Q

tries to identify groups of items in a test that correlate highly with each other in order to discover underlying skills or abilities

A

Psychometric approach

46
Q

An examination of the mental processes that underlie intelligent behaviour

A

Information-processing approach

47
Q

_____ _____: argue that intelligence is a function of multiple systems

A

Contemporary approaches

48
Q

Contemporary approaches look at _____ of intelligence

A

systems

49
Q

The Information-processing approach looks at the underlying _____ of intelligence,

A

processes

50
Q

The primary tool of the psychometric approach is?

A

factor analysis

51
Q

Psychometric approach

A statistical procedure for identifying common elements or factors that underlie a performance across a set of tasks.

A

factor analysis

52
Q

Psychometric approach

The _____ _____ is a hierarchical model with specific factors embedded in more general factors:

A

Gf-Gc theory

53
Q

Psychometric approach

Gf-Gc theory

A

Fluid intelligence

Crystallised intelligence

54
Q

Psychometric approach

refers to mental processes used in processing information and approaching novel problems rather than specific information (declines with age

A

Fluid intelligence

55
Q

Psychometric approach

Crystallised intelligence

A

refers to a person’s knowledge base (increases with age)

56
Q

Psychometric approach

Who created the two-factor theory of intelligence, and what were the factors

A

Charles Spearman, general and specific intelligence

57
Q

______ _____ is defined as intellectual capacities that have no specific content but are used in processing information

A

Fluid intelligence

58
Q

_____ _____ is defined as people’s store of knowledge, so it is closely related to education, e.g., comprehension tasks.

A

Crystallised intelligence

59
Q

Contemporary Approaches

A

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

60
Q

Contemporary Approaches

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)

A

Experiential intelligence
Contextual intelligence
Componential intelligence

61
Q

Contemporary Approaches - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)

Coping with novel situations and learning new responses

A

Experiential intelligence = creative

62
Q

Contemporary Approaches - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)

Judging the most effective approach in the given context

A

Contextual intelligence = practical

63
Q

Contemporary Approaches - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Sternberg)

The ability to put together the mental processing components needed when problem-solving

A

Componential intelligence = analytical

64
Q

Contemporary Approaches - (Sternberg)

In addition to Triarchic Theory’s experiential intelligence, contextual and componential intelligence, Sternberg has more recently identified three more types of intelligence

A

analytical, creative and practical

65
Q

Contemporary Approaches - (Sternberg)

_____ is closely associated with academic success. _____ intelligence is the ability to develop novel ways of resolving problems and _____ intelligence is the ability to resolve everyday problems and use commonsense effectively.

A

Analytical, Creative, practical

66
Q

Contemporary Approaches - Gardner

Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Gardner) contains 7 intelligencesF

A 
Musical
Bodily/kinesthetic
Spatial
Verbal/linguistic
Logical/mathematical
Intra-personal (self-understanding)
Social
67
Q

Information processing approach

What are the 3 variables that people differ on in regards to intelligence

A

speed of processing - speed of performance in a task
knowledge base - info in LTM
the ability to learn and apply mental strategies

68
Q

Psychometric approach

Charles Spearman was the first to:

A

apply factor analysis to intelligence tests

69
Q

Psychometric approach

Spearman distinguished between _____ and _____ intelligence. _____ intelligence (the g factor) reflects high scores on arithmetical ability, general knowledge and vocabulary. _____ abilities (s factors) are specific abilities that are unique to certain tests or shared only by a subset of tests.

A

general, specific, General, Specific

70
Q

People’s general world knowledge is known as:

A

Crystallised Intelligence

71
Q

Information processing approach

Research shows that speed of processing correlates with:

A

Academic Achievement

72
Q

Contemporary Approaches - Gardner

Gardner argues that:

A

people have multiple intelligences because they have multiple neural modules

73
Q

If people choose mates with IQs and _____ experiences similar to their own and if they choose ______ that fit their talents and interests, heritability coefficients will be _____.

A

cultural, environments, inflated

74
Q

Since many people in Australia and New Zealand tend to choose mates whose cultural experiences are similar to their own and tend to look for occupations that maximize their abilities, heritability scores tend to be:

A

Higher than they should be

75
Q

Research by Scarr and Weingberg conducted in the US showed that black children adopted in the _____ year of life scored an average IQ of _____, which was at least _____ points higher than children raised in the black community where economic deprivation was much more common. Ten years later, scores of adopted black children remained _____ the average of their community-raised counterparts.

A

first, 110, 20, above

76
Q

Jensen’s conclusion that group differences in IQ scores are due to genetic differences:

A

is not supported

77
Q

The difference between the average heights of soldiers who fought at Gallipoli and those who fought in Iraq is:

A

Entirely environmental

78
Q

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test, used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.

A

Factor Analysis.

Psych 101 (11 decks)

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