memory Flashcards
1 (85 cards)
what is memory?
the ability to retain information from the past.
what are the types of memory?
short term memory.
long term memory.
what is capacity of memory?
the amount of info a memory store could hold
what is the duration of memory?
the amount of time info can be stored in memory.
what is the coding of memory?
the format of how info is held and stored in memory store.
what is the capacity of STM memory?
7 items.
what is the duration of STM?
18 seconds.
what is the coding of STM?
acoustically
what is the capacity of LTM?
unlimited
what is duration of LTM?
lifetime
what is coding of LTM?
semantically
who did research on the capacity of STM?
- Miller et al = everything comes in 7.
- Jacob et al = asked participant to recall digits he said, and then he kept adding more digits in and asking them to recall all of them out loud.
who did research on duration of STM?
Peterson and Peterson = asked participants to recall consonant syllable, and count backward.
3 secs recall was at 80%.
18 secs recall was at 3%
- count backward to stop maintenance rehearsal.
who did research on duration of LTM?
Bharick et al = showed participants people from their old school year book, and asked them to recognise the people.
who did research on coding for STM and LTM?
Baddeley= asked participants to recall words in different categories.
-acoustically similar.
- semantically similar
- acoustically different.
- semantically similar.
LTM: 20 mins intervals.
STM: immediate recall.
LTM: hard to recall semantically similar.
STM: hard to recall acoustically similar.
research into memory evaluation
sepearted memory stores.
strength.
- helped seperate memory into diff stores.
- clear diffrance.
- Baddeley research into coding.
- helped establish other models of memory such as the multi store model.
research into memory evaluation.
artfiical stimulus.
baddeley’s research
limitations.
- used meaningless stimulus.
- no relation to the participants.
- word lists.
- tell us nothing about real world recall, where there is a meaning to a memory.
- questions validity of study, as people might use different type of coding in diff memory stores when recalling in everyday life.
- limited application and lack external validity.
research into memory evaluation.
valid study and reliable.
jacob’s study
strength.
- jacob’s study uses standardised methods.
- has be replicated by other researcher.
- more controlled research.
- showed same results.
- shows that findings and conclusion is reliable and valid.
research into memory evaluation.
overestimated
miller’s research
limitation.
- overestimated STM capacity.
- reviewed research.
- found that it’s actually 4 chunks.
- not a true estimation.
types of LTM
- episodic
- semantic
- procedural
what’s episodic memory.
memory of events.
- time stamped.
what’s procedural memory
memory of how to do things.
- not time stamped
what’s semantic memory.
memory of facts.
4 techniques of cognitive interview.
1) report everything.
2) reinstate context.
3) recall events from a different perspective.
4) recall events in a different order.