Memory

Question 1

MSMM

Answer 1

Atkinson & Shiffrin
Baddeley - STM and LTM encoding - immediate difficulty in acoustic sim (so STM), after 20 mins difficulty in semantic sim (so LTM)
Jacobs - STM capacity (digits) - mean 9.3 (digits), 7.3 (letters)
Miller - STM capacity (chunks) - 7 +/- 2
Peterson & Peterson - STM duration - 18-30s
Craik & Watkins - MSM doesn’t address distinction in rehearsal: maintainance (in STM) and elaborative rehearsal (link to existing knowledge to transfer to LTM)
Bahrick - LTM capacity and duration - unlimited but recognition > recall

Question 2

Types of LTM

Answer 2

Must = Tulving - Outlined the 3 types

Should
= Clive Wearing or Patient HM - both suffered amnesia (loss episodic) but both intact prodcedural and semantic.
= Cohen & Squire - Declarative/Non-Declarative

Question 3

WMM

Answer 3

made by Baddeley & Hitch
Patient KF - Damaged PL, intact VSS
Gathercole & Baddeley - Dual task study (visual + verbal > overloading one store)

Question 4

Forgetting

Answer 4

Must
= McGeoch & McDonald - Recall of original list depended on similarity of 2nd word list (synonyms>consonants/digits/control)
= Godden & Baddeley (1975) - Changing context (L vs UW) decreased memory recall by 40%.
= Carter & Cassaday - Same internal state = better recall.

Should
= Baddeley & Hitch - Rugby players recall of teams better when not played since.

Question 5

EWT Misleading Info

Answer 5

Loftus & Palmer - 2 experiments
Gabbert - PED, 71% recall false info vs 0% control group.

Question 6

EWT - Anxiety

Answer 6

Must
= Johnson & Scott (or Loftus 1979)
= Yuille & Cutshall

Should = Pickel - Unsualness

Question 7

Cognitive Interview

Answer 7

Must = Gieselman & Fisher

Should
= Kohnken - More detailed showed more chance of mistake compared to standard interview.
= Milne & Bull - Most effective Recall everything & context reinstatement