Meiosis, reproductive anatomy and fetal pig

Question 1

what are chromosomes? where are they located?

Answer 1

a DNA molecule found in the nucleus

Question 2

what are the sex chromosomes of male? female?

Answer 2

male: XY
female: XX

Question 3

what is a homologous chromosome?

Answer 3

different versions of the same chromosome

Question 4

what is a diploid? where are they found?

Answer 4

cell have two of every chromosome (2n)
most of our bodies cells are diploid

Question 5

what is a haploid? where are they found?

Answer 5

cells have only one version of every chromosome
gametes (egg & sperm) are haploid

Question 6

what are sister chromatids?

Answer 6

a chromosome with its exact copy directly attached

Question 7

what is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Answer 7

homo: are single chromosomes that are identical
sister: are two sets of identical chromosomes directly attached

Question 8

what are non-homologous chromosomes?

Answer 8

different versions of the different chromosomes

Question 9

If the haploid number of chromosomes in an organism is 16, then the diploid number is:

Answer 9

32

Question 10

If the diploid number of chromosomes in an organism is 40, then the haploid number is:

Answer 10

20

Question 11

how many chromosomes are in haploid and diploid human cells?

Answer 11

46 diploid
23 haploid

Question 12

how many pairs of homologous chromosomes does a male have? female?

Answer 12

male: 22
female: 23

Question 13

what is the definition of meiosis?

Answer 13

is a special cell division that turns diploid cells into haploid cells

Question 14

what is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 14

to produce gametes (sperm and eggs) with half of the genetic complement of the parent cells.

Question 15

what happens to chromosomes in meiosis I

Answer 15

Homologous chromosomes pair up
Homologous chromosomes separate

Question 16

what happens to chromosomes in meiosis II

Answer 16

Sister chromatids separate

Question 17

describe at least two structures that have significant structural differences between the pig and human

Answer 17

1. pigs have a spiral shaped colon instead of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid regions in humans
2. spleen is longer in pigs than in humans
3. pigs don’t have an appendix

Question 18

If a cell going into meiosis has 20 chromosomes, how many come out? what do they come out as?

Answer 18

10 haploid chromosomes

Question 19

what do the chromosomes go into meiosis as? what do they come out as?

Answer 19

go in: diploid
come out: haploid