Blood Typing quiz Flashcards
what are antigens?
glycoprotein on surface of RBC
what are antibodies?
immune proteins found floating in blood
what determines blood type?
blood antigens
how do we get our blood type?
its inherited by our parents
what are the two groups for blood typing?
ABO group
Rh factor
what does ABO group consist of? what types blood?
antigen A - blood type A
antigen B - blood type B
both antigens - blood type AB
neither antigens - blood type O
what does Rh factor consist of?
Rh factor = positive blood type
no Rh factor = negative blood type
what are antibodies named after?
the non-self antigens they attach to
Patient with O+ blood: what antigens and antibodies do they have?
Rh antigen
anti-A antibody
anti-B antibody
Patient with O- blood: what antigens and antibodies do they have?
no antigens (naked)
anti-A antibody
anti-B antibody
anti-Rh antibody
Patient with B+ blood: what antigens and antibodies do they have?
B antigen
Rh antigen
anti-A antibody
what happens once the antibody has attached to a non-self antigen?
agglutination (clumping)
lysis of cell
what causes blood type incompatibility?
antibodies bind to antigens and activate immune system
what are the two types of transfusion?
packed cell transfusion
whole blood transfusion
what makes packed cell transfusion and whole blood transfusion different?
packed cell: only RBCs are donated (not plasma)
whole blood: everything is donated (plasma and RBCs)
when would whole blood transfusion be necessary?
ONLY in an emergency (too much risk of transferring other debris/pathogens)
what blood type is the universal donor? (in packed cell)
O-
what blood type is the universal acceptor? (in packed cell)
AB+
what are symptoms of blood type incompatibility?
fever
chills
lower back pain
pink/red urine
why would someone experience lower back pain or pink/red urine after a blood transfusion?
they received the wrong blood type and their antibodies have enacted their immune system. hemolysis of RBCs occur and the kidneys have to work overtime to clean out hemoglobin waste. red waste is then excreted in urine.
what could we do to counteract a blood type incompatibility case?
immunosuppressant drugs to fix
what is HDNB?
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
caused when anti-Rh antibody crosses placenta to attack fetus’ RBC
what are the three conditions that must be met to be in danger of HDNB?
- mom must be Rh negative (blood type negative)
- dad must be Rh positive (b/c baby could be too)
- must have had at least one previous Rh+ pregnancy
why must the mother have already had a previous Rh+ pregnancy to be at risk for HDNB?
her immune system must have been primed when baby’s DNA was mixed with mom’s at birth
what do we do in practice to treat HDNB?
prescribe medication to ALL Rh negative mothers
what type of solution goes mixed with blood in the wells we prepared?
antibodies of A, B, and Rh
how does the solution test blood type?
if solution reacts with blood, that means the type of blood in the well is the type that the antibody is conditioned for
List all the blood types a given type can either accept or donate to
what blood type?
O-
what blood type?
B+
