Heart sounds, pulse, blood pressure quiz Flashcards
what are the two heart sounds per cardiac cycle?
Lub
Dup
what is the sound Lub pertain to?
AV valves closing
where can you hear the Lub sound?
5th intercostal space
what specific valve do you hear on the left side of the 5th intercostal space? right side?
mitral valve
tricuspid valve
what does the sound Dup pertain to?
SL valves closing
where can you hear the Dup sound?
2nd intercostal space
what specific valve do you hear on the left side of the 2nd intercostal space? right side?
pulmonary SL valve
aortic SL valve
what should each Lub Dup sound like?
clear sound in healthy rhythm
what would an abnormal sound in the Lub Dup indicate?
heart murmur
what are two examples of heart murmur sounds?
- whooshing
- screech/clicking
what would a whooshing sound indicate?
incompetent valve
what would a screech/clicking sound indicate?
stenosis (stiff valve)
You hear a whooshing sound coming from the left side of the 2nd intercostal space, diagnose:
incompetent pulmonary SL valve
you hear a screech/clicking sound coming from the right side of the 5th intercostal space, diagnose:
stenosis (stiff valve) of the tricuspid valve
what does pulse measure ?
indirect measure of the heart beat
what are two types of pulse?
superficial pulse
apical pulse
how do you find the superficial pulse?
palpate peripheral artery - counting each surge in given # seconds
what are examples of places you can find the superficial pulse?
carotid artery
femoral artery
radial artery
brachial artery
how do you find the apical pulse?
listen to heart at the apex of the heart and count Lub Dup per minute
what is a pulse deficit?
when apical and superficial pulse don’t match
what three things could cause a pulse deficit?
low cardiac output
blocked artery
abnormal rhythm
what is the equation for MAP?
what is the equation for pulse pressure?
what are the units for MAP?
mm Hg
what are the units for PP?
mm Hg
find the MAP of someone with a bp of 120/90
find the pulse pressure of someone with a bp of:
120/80
160/120
160/60
what is a healthy value of pulse pressure?
40 mm Hg
what does it mean to have a high pulse pressure? WHY?
sign of atherosclerosis because systolic is higher than normal and diastolic is low
what does diastolic measure?
the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats
why are systolic values high and diastolic values low?
systolic: high b/c ventricular ejection is occurring
diastolic is low because only elastic arteries are recoiling
explain the theory behind taking blood pressure?
when vessels flow openly, blood pressure does not make any sound.
when vessels are completely closed, they also make no sound.
when vessels are slightly closed, it produces turbulent flow. this flow we can hear.
When we take blood pressure, we first completely close the vessel and release pressure until we hear a sound. The point at which we first hear sound is the systolic pressure value. we continue to listen to the Korotkoff sounds until we no longer hear them. this means the vessel is completely open again is the indicator of the diastolic value.
what is the name of the tool we use to take blood pressure?
sphygmomanometer
what is the stethoscope used for?
auscultating (listening to sounds)
when are we able to hear sounds of blood pressure? what are these sounds called?
we can hear Korotkoff sounds when the blood vessel is slightly closed
what is the baseline for a hyperreactor of the cold pressure test?
systolic or diastolic increase/decrease by more than 23 mm Hg
what is the requirements for a hyporeactor of the cold pressure test?
neither systolic or diastolic change by more than 22 mmHg
A person with a baseline bp is 149/105. After the cold pressure test, their bp is 108/82. Are they a hyperreactor or hyporeactor? why?
hyperreactor
their systolic had a change of 41 mmHg, which is more than +/- 23 mmHg change to be considered a hyperreactor
A person with the baseline bp is 149/105. after the cold pressure test, their bp is 130/85. Are they a hyperreactor or hypo?
hyporeactor
both systolic and diastolic did not increase by more than 22 mmHg
