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Anatomy and Physiology II LAB > Heart sounds, pulse, blood pressure quiz > Flashcards

Heart sounds, pulse, blood pressure quiz Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two heart sounds per cardiac cycle?

A

Lub
Dup

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2
Q

what is the sound Lub pertain to?

A

AV valves closing

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3
Q

where can you hear the Lub sound?

A

5th intercostal space

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4
Q

what specific valve do you hear on the left side of the 5th intercostal space? right side?

A

mitral valve
tricuspid valve

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5
Q

what does the sound Dup pertain to?

A

SL valves closing

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6
Q

where can you hear the Dup sound?

A

2nd intercostal space

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7
Q

what specific valve do you hear on the left side of the 2nd intercostal space? right side?

A

pulmonary SL valve
aortic SL valve

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8
Q

what should each Lub Dup sound like?

A

clear sound in healthy rhythm

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9
Q

what would an abnormal sound in the Lub Dup indicate?

A

heart murmur

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10
Q

what are two examples of heart murmur sounds?

A
  1. whooshing
  2. screech/clicking
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11
Q

what would a whooshing sound indicate?

A

incompetent valve

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12
Q

what would a screech/clicking sound indicate?

A

stenosis (stiff valve)

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13
Q

You hear a whooshing sound coming from the left side of the 2nd intercostal space, diagnose:

A

incompetent pulmonary SL valve

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14
Q

you hear a screech/clicking sound coming from the right side of the 5th intercostal space, diagnose:

A

stenosis (stiff valve) of the tricuspid valve

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15
Q

what does pulse measure ?

A

indirect measure of the heart beat

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16
Q

what are two types of pulse?

A

superficial pulse
apical pulse

17
Q

how do you find the superficial pulse?

A

palpate peripheral artery - counting each surge in given # seconds

18
Q

what are examples of places you can find the superficial pulse?

A

carotid artery
femoral artery
radial artery
brachial artery

19
Q

how do you find the apical pulse?

A

listen to heart at the apex of the heart and count Lub Dup per minute

20
Q

what is a pulse deficit?

A

when apical and superficial pulse don’t match

21
Q

what three things could cause a pulse deficit?

A

low cardiac output
blocked artery
abnormal rhythm

22
Q

what is the equation for MAP?

A
23
Q

what is the equation for pulse pressure?

A
24
Q

what are the units for MAP?

A

mm Hg

25
Q

what are the units for PP?

A

mm Hg

26
Q

find the MAP of someone with a bp of 120/90

A
27
Q

find the pulse pressure of someone with a bp of:
120/80
160/120
160/60

A
28
Q

what is a healthy value of pulse pressure?

A

40 mm Hg

29
Q

what does it mean to have a high pulse pressure? WHY?

A

sign of atherosclerosis because systolic is higher than normal and diastolic is low

30
Q

what does diastolic measure?

A

the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats

31
Q

why are systolic values high and diastolic values low?

A

systolic: high b/c ventricular ejection is occurring

diastolic is low because only elastic arteries are recoiling

32
Q

explain the theory behind taking blood pressure?

A

when vessels flow openly, blood pressure does not make any sound.
when vessels are completely closed, they also make no sound.
when vessels are slightly closed, it produces turbulent flow. this flow we can hear.

When we take blood pressure, we first completely close the vessel and release pressure until we hear a sound. The point at which we first hear sound is the systolic pressure value. we continue to listen to the Korotkoff sounds until we no longer hear them. this means the vessel is completely open again is the indicator of the diastolic value.

33
Q

what is the name of the tool we use to take blood pressure?

A

sphygmomanometer

34
Q

what is the stethoscope used for?

A

auscultating (listening to sounds)

35
Q

when are we able to hear sounds of blood pressure? what are these sounds called?

A

we can hear Korotkoff sounds when the blood vessel is slightly closed

36
Q

what is the baseline for a hyperreactor of the cold pressure test?

A

systolic or diastolic increase/decrease by more than 23 mm Hg

37
Q

what is the requirements for a hyporeactor of the cold pressure test?

A

neither systolic or diastolic change by more than 22 mmHg

38
Q

A person with a baseline bp is 149/105. After the cold pressure test, their bp is 108/82. Are they a hyperreactor or hyporeactor? why?

A

hyperreactor
their systolic had a change of 41 mmHg, which is more than +/- 23 mmHg change to be considered a hyperreactor

39
Q

A person with the baseline bp is 149/105. after the cold pressure test, their bp is 130/85. Are they a hyperreactor or hypo?

A

hyporeactor
both systolic and diastolic did not increase by more than 22 mmHg

Anatomy and Physiology II LAB (13 decks)

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