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NPTE > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What are NSAIDS used for?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Provides anelgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic abilities to decrease MSK pain

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2
Q

Examples:

  • Ibuprofin (Motrin)
  • Naproxen Sodium (Aleve)
  • Salsalate (Discalced)
  • indomethacin (Indocin)
A

NSAIDs

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3
Q

What are adverse side effects of NSAIDs?

A
  • GI irritation
  • fluid retention
  • renal or liver problems
  • prolonged bleeding
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4
Q

COX-2 inhibitors belong in what drug class?

A

NSAIDs

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5
Q

What are COX-2 inhibitors used for?

A

inflammation and pain

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6
Q

Examples:

  • Rofecoxib (Vioxx)
  • Colecoxib (Celebrex)
  • Valdecoxib (Bextra)
A

COX-2 inhibitors

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7
Q

Examples:

  • Cyclobenzaprine HCl (Flexeril)
  • Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
  • Carisoprodol (Soma)
A

Muscle Relaxants

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8
Q

How do muscles relaxants work?

A

Reduces MSK tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord (CNS)

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9
Q

What are adverse side effects of muscle relaxants?

A
  • drowsiness/decreased alertness
  • lethargy
  • ataxia
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10
Q

What medications are prescribed for pain when NSAIDs are contraindicated?

A

Non-narcotic Analgesics

Act on CNS to alter response to pain and has antipyretic capabilities

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11
Q

Example

Acetaminophen

A

non-narcotic analgesics

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12
Q

What are adverse side effects of non-narcotic analgesics?

A

Liver disease or AKI

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13
Q

What are narcotic analgesics prescribed for?

A

Moderate to severe pain

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14
Q

How do narcotics decrease pain?

A

Prevents pain input by binding to the CNS opioid receptors

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15
Q

What are the adverse side effects of narcotic analgesics?

A
  • sedation
  • confusion
  • vertigo
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • constipation
  • incoordination
  • physical dependence
  • narcotic tolerance
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16
Q

Examples:

  • hydromorphone
  • oxycodone
  • codeine
  • fentanyl
  • hydrocodone
A

narcotic analgesics

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17
Q

What is the opioid overdose triad?

A
  1. pinpoint pupils
  2. respiratory depression
  3. unconsciousness
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18
Q

What are corticosteroids prescribed for?

A
  1. Hormonal and anti-inflammatory effects
  2. prevents and/or decreases inflammatory responses from the immune system
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19
Q

Examples:

  • prednisone
  • hydrocortisone
  • prednisolone
  • methylprednisolone
  • dexamethasone
A

Corticosteroids

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20
Q

What are the short term and long term side effects of corticosteroids?

A

Short-term:
- weight gain
- puffy face
- nausea
- mood swings
- trouble sleeping

Long-term:
- osteoporosis

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21
Q

What class of drugs are the following?
- phenytoin (dilantin)
- carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- phenobarbital

A

antiepileptic medications

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22
Q

What class of drugs are the following? What do they do when treating MS?
- adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, methylprednisolone)

A

Immunosuppression drugs

  • treat acute flare-ups of MS and shorten the duration of the episode
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23
Q

What is selegline used for?

A

used during early stages of PD to slow progression

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24
Q

What kind of drugs are used to treat tremors?

A

anticholinergics

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25
Q

What does amantadine enhance?

A

dopamine

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26
Q

(true/false) vestibular suppressant medications can delay recovery if taken for a prolonged period of time

A

true

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27
Q

What medications are used to treat Bell’s palsy?

A
  • corticosteroids
  • analgesics
28
Q

What medication is commonly prescribed to treat neuropathic pain and paresthesias?

A

gabapentin

29
Q

What medications are used to treat myasthenia gravis?

A
  • acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (pyridostigmine)
  • corticosteroids
  • immunosuppressants
30
Q

The following medications are examples of what class?
- azathioprine
- IVIG

A

immunosuppressants

31
Q

What kind of medications are used to treat ADHD for improving concentration?

A

stimulants

32
Q

What medication is used for symptomatic management of urinary problems in those with MS?

A

anticholinergics

33
Q

What medication class is used to slow progression of MS?

A

interferon drugs

34
Q

The following are examples of what drug classification?
- avonex
- betaseron
- copaxone

A

interferon drugs

35
Q

What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?

A
  1. inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
  2. decreases sodium retention
  3. decreases peripheral vasoconstriction to decrease BP
36
Q

What class of medications are the following:
- captopril
- enalopril
- lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitors

37
Q

What is the MOA of angiotension II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

A

Blocks binding of angiotensin II to smooth muscles = decreases BP

38
Q

What kind of medication is losartan?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

39
Q

What is the MOA of nitrates?

A
  1. decreases prload through pripheral vasodilation
  2. reduces myocardial oxygen demand
  3. reduces chest discomfort
  4. dilates coronary arteries to improve coronary blood flow
40
Q

What are the following medications an example of:
- atenolol
- metoprolol
- propranolol

A

Beta-1 adrenergic blocking agents

41
Q

What do beta-1 adrenergic blocking agents do?

A
  1. decreases myocardial demand by reducing HR and contractility
  2. controls arrythmias
  3. chest pain
  4. reduces BP
42
Q

What are the following medications:
- diltiazem
- cardizem
- amlodipine

A

calcium channel blockers

43
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A
  1. decrease HR
  2. decrease contractility
  3. dilate coronary arteries
  4. reduce BP
  5. control arrythmias
  6. decreases chest pain
44
Q

What is digitalis used for?

A
  1. increases contractility
  2. decreases HR
45
Q

What is the main medication used for treatment of CHF?

A

digitalis

46
Q

What is aspirin used for?

A
  1. decreases platelet aggregation
  2. can possibly prevent MI
47
Q

What are diuretics used for?

A
  1. decreases myocardial work (preload and afterload)
  2. controls HTN
48
Q

What is the MOA of muscarinic antagonists and sympathomimetics?

A

bronchodilator

49
Q

What are the adverse effects for sympathomimetics and muscarinic antagonists?

A

tachycardia

50
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

Atrovent (ipratropium bromide)

A

short-acting anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonists)

51
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

  • ventolin HFA (albuterol)
  • Proventil HFA (albuterol)
  • Xopenex HFA (levalbuterol)
A

short-acting beta-2 agonists (sympathomimetics)

52
Q

What are short-acting anticholinergics and short-acting beta-2 agonists used for?

A

Rescue/short acting medications used for immediate relief of tightness, wheezing, and SOB

53
Q

What is the MOA of glucocorticoids?

A

reduces airway inflammation (inhibits the inflammatory response)

54
Q

What are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids?

A
  • hyperglycemia
  • osteoporosis
  • poor healing
  • proximal muscle weakness
55
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

  • Flovent HFA (fluicason propionate)
  • Pulmicort (budesonide)
  • prednisone
A

glucocorticoids

anti-inflammatory drug

56
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

spirivia (tiotropium bromide)

A

long-acting anticholinergic

muscarinic antagonist

57
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

  • serevent (salmeterol)
  • Foradil (formoterol)
A

Long acting beta-2 agonists

Sympathomimetics

58
Q

What is the MOA of cromones?

A

Prevents bronchoconstriction (anti-allergen)

58
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

Cromolyn sodium

A

cromones

59
Q

What is the MOA of leukotriene antagonists?

A

prevents bronchospasm and inflammatory response

60
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

  • zafirlukast
  • motelukast
A

leukotriene antagonist

61
Q

What is the MOA of mucolytics?

A

reduces mucus viscosity

62
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

  • mucomyst (acetylcysteine)
  • pulmozyme (dornase alfa)
A

mucolytics

63
Q

What combination of medications are used for treatment of asthma and COPD?

A

Combination of long-acting beta-2 agonsist (bronchodilator)
and
cortiocosteroid (reduced inflammation)

64
Q

What category of drugs do the following belong to?

  • symbicort (budesonide- formoterol)
  • dulera (mometasone furoate-for-moterol)
  • advair (fluticasone propionate-salmeterol)
A

combination medication: (long-acting beta-2 agonist (bronchodilator) + corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)

NPTE (20 decks)

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