Medications Flashcards
What are NSAIDS used for?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Provides anelgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic abilities to decrease MSK pain
Examples:
- Ibuprofin (Motrin)
- Naproxen Sodium (Aleve)
- Salsalate (Discalced)
- indomethacin (Indocin)
NSAIDs
What are adverse side effects of NSAIDs?
- GI irritation
- fluid retention
- renal or liver problems
- prolonged bleeding
COX-2 inhibitors belong in what drug class?
NSAIDs
What are COX-2 inhibitors used for?
inflammation and pain
Examples:
- Rofecoxib (Vioxx)
- Colecoxib (Celebrex)
- Valdecoxib (Bextra)
COX-2 inhibitors
Examples:
- Cyclobenzaprine HCl (Flexeril)
- Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
- Carisoprodol (Soma)
Muscle Relaxants
How do muscles relaxants work?
Reduces MSK tone by depressing the internuncial neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord (CNS)
What are adverse side effects of muscle relaxants?
- drowsiness/decreased alertness
- lethargy
- ataxia
What medications are prescribed for pain when NSAIDs are contraindicated?
Non-narcotic Analgesics
Act on CNS to alter response to pain and has antipyretic capabilities
Example
Acetaminophen
non-narcotic analgesics
What are adverse side effects of non-narcotic analgesics?
Liver disease or AKI
What are narcotic analgesics prescribed for?
Moderate to severe pain
How do narcotics decrease pain?
Prevents pain input by binding to the CNS opioid receptors
What are the adverse side effects of narcotic analgesics?
- sedation
- confusion
- vertigo
- orthostatic hypotension
- constipation
- incoordination
- physical dependence
- narcotic tolerance
Examples:
- hydromorphone
- oxycodone
- codeine
- fentanyl
- hydrocodone
narcotic analgesics
What is the opioid overdose triad?
- pinpoint pupils
- respiratory depression
- unconsciousness
What are corticosteroids prescribed for?
- Hormonal and anti-inflammatory effects
- prevents and/or decreases inflammatory responses from the immune system
Examples:
- prednisone
- hydrocortisone
- prednisolone
- methylprednisolone
- dexamethasone
Corticosteroids
What are the short term and long term side effects of corticosteroids?
Short-term:
- weight gain
- puffy face
- nausea
- mood swings
- trouble sleeping
Long-term:
- osteoporosis
What class of drugs are the following?
- phenytoin (dilantin)
- carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- phenobarbital
antiepileptic medications
What class of drugs are the following? What do they do when treating MS?
- adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, methylprednisolone)
Immunosuppression drugs
- treat acute flare-ups of MS and shorten the duration of the episode
What is selegline used for?
used during early stages of PD to slow progression
What kind of drugs are used to treat tremors?
anticholinergics
What does amantadine enhance?
dopamine
(true/false) vestibular suppressant medications can delay recovery if taken for a prolonged period of time
true
What medications are used to treat Bell’s palsy?
- corticosteroids
- analgesics
What medication is commonly prescribed to treat neuropathic pain and paresthesias?
gabapentin
What medications are used to treat myasthenia gravis?
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (pyridostigmine)
- corticosteroids
- immunosuppressants
The following medications are examples of what class?
- azathioprine
- IVIG
immunosuppressants
What kind of medications are used to treat ADHD for improving concentration?
stimulants
What medication is used for symptomatic management of urinary problems in those with MS?
anticholinergics
What medication class is used to slow progression of MS?
interferon drugs
The following are examples of what drug classification?
- avonex
- betaseron
- copaxone
interferon drugs
What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors?
- inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- decreases sodium retention
- decreases peripheral vasoconstriction to decrease BP
What class of medications are the following:
- captopril
- enalopril
- lisinopril
ACE inhibitors
What is the MOA of angiotension II receptor blockers (ARBs)?
Blocks binding of angiotensin II to smooth muscles = decreases BP
What kind of medication is losartan?
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
What is the MOA of nitrates?
- decreases prload through pripheral vasodilation
- reduces myocardial oxygen demand
- reduces chest discomfort
- dilates coronary arteries to improve coronary blood flow
What are the following medications an example of:
- atenolol
- metoprolol
- propranolol
Beta-1 adrenergic blocking agents
What do beta-1 adrenergic blocking agents do?
- decreases myocardial demand by reducing HR and contractility
- controls arrythmias
- chest pain
- reduces BP
What are the following medications:
- diltiazem
- cardizem
- amlodipine
calcium channel blockers
What do calcium channel blockers do?
- decrease HR
- decrease contractility
- dilate coronary arteries
- reduce BP
- control arrythmias
- decreases chest pain
What is digitalis used for?
- increases contractility
- decreases HR
What is the main medication used for treatment of CHF?
digitalis
What is aspirin used for?
- decreases platelet aggregation
- can possibly prevent MI
What are diuretics used for?
- decreases myocardial work (preload and afterload)
- controls HTN
What is the MOA of muscarinic antagonists and sympathomimetics?
bronchodilator
What are the adverse effects for sympathomimetics and muscarinic antagonists?
tachycardia
What category of drugs do the following belong to?
Atrovent (ipratropium bromide)
short-acting anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonists)
What category of drugs do the following belong to?
- ventolin HFA (albuterol)
- Proventil HFA (albuterol)
- Xopenex HFA (levalbuterol)
short-acting beta-2 agonists (sympathomimetics)
What are short-acting anticholinergics and short-acting beta-2 agonists used for?
Rescue/short acting medications used for immediate relief of tightness, wheezing, and SOB
What category of drugs do the following belong to?
spirivia (tiotropium bromide)
long-acting anticholinergic
muscarinic antagonist
What category of drugs do the following belong to?
- serevent (salmeterol)
- Foradil (formoterol)
Long acting beta-2 agonists
Sympathomimetics
What is the MOA of cromones?
Prevents bronchoconstriction (anti-allergen)
What category of drugs do the following belong to?
Cromolyn sodium
cromones
What is the MOA of leukotriene antagonists?
prevents bronchospasm and inflammatory response
What category of drugs do the following belong to?
- zafirlukast
- motelukast
leukotriene antagonist
What is the MOA of mucolytics?
reduces mucus viscosity
What category of drugs do the following belong to?
- mucomyst (acetylcysteine)
- pulmozyme (dornase alfa)
mucolytics
