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NTPE > Therapeutic interventions > Flashcards

Therapeutic interventions Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the following characteristics of Type IIx muscle fibers:
1. motor neuron size
2. conduction velocity and contraction speed/relaxation
3. force production
4. fatigue resistance
5. color
6. myoglobin content and blood supply
7. capillary density
8. mitochondrial density

A
  1. motor neuron size - Large
  2. conduction velocity and contraction speed/relaxation - Fast
  3. force production - High
  4. fatigue resistance - low
  5. color - white
  6. myoglobin content and blood supply - low
  7. capillary density - low
  8. mitochondrial density - low
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2
Q

Describe the following characteristics of Type IIa muscle fibers:
1. motor neuron size
2. conduction velocity and contraction speed/relaxation
3. force production
4. fatigue resistance
5. color
6. myoglobin content and blood supply
7. capillary density
8. mitochondrial density

A
  1. motor neuron size - large
  2. conduction velocity and contraction speed/relaxation - fast
  3. force production - moderate
  4. fatigue resistance - moderate
  5. color - red/white
  6. myoglobin content and blood supply - low
  7. capillary density - moderate
  8. mitochondrial density - moderate
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3
Q

Describe the following characteristics of Type I muscle fibers:
1. motor neuron size
2. conduction velocity and contraction speed/relaxation
3. force production
4. fatigue resistance
5. color
6. myoglobin content and blood supply
7. capillary density
8. mitochondrial density

A
  1. motor neuron size - small
  2. conduction velocity and contraction speed/relaxation- slow
  3. force production - low
  4. fatigue resistance - high
  5. color - red
  6. myoglobin content and blood supply - high
  7. capillary density - high
  8. mitochondrial density - high
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4
Q

What influences muscle fiber types distribution?

A

genetics

Cannot be changed via normal exercise

  • specific training can modify metabolic characteristics of all fiber types
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5
Q

What is the order of recruitment for muscle fibers?

A
  1. Type I
  2. Type IIa
  3. Type IIx
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6
Q

What is the appropriate intensity for novice to intermediate exercisers to improve strength as described by FITT-VP?

A

60-70%

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7
Q

What is the appropriate intensity for Experienced exercisers to improve strength as described by FITT-VP?

A

Gradually increases to > 80%

1 RM

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8
Q

What is the appropriate intensity for older individuals beginning exercise to improve strength as described by FITT-VP?

A

40-50%

1 RM

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9
Q

What is the appropriate intensity for sedentary individuals beginning a resistance exercise program as described by FITT-VP?

A

40-50%

1 RM

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10
Q

According to FITT-VP, what intensity is best for improving endurance?

A

< 50%

1 RM

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11
Q

According to FITT-VP, what intensity is best for older adults who want to improve power?

A

20-50%

1 RM

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12
Q

How many reps are recommended for most adults when improving strength and power?

A

8-12

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13
Q

How many reps are recommended for improving strength in those who are middle-aged and older starting a resistance program?

A

10-15

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14
Q

How many reps are recommended for improving endurance?

A

15-25

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15
Q

What are the effects of Valsalva maneuver on intrathoracic pressure, HR, return of blood to the heart, venous pressure, and cardiac workload?

A
  1. Increases intrathoracic pressure
  2. Slows HR
  3. Decreases return of blood to the heart
  4. increases venous pressure
  5. increases cardiac workload
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16
Q

When does the most rapid recovery occur after exercise?

A

Within the first minute

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17
Q

When can DOMS begin?

A

12-24 hours after vigorous exercise

Peaks at 24-48 hrs after exercise

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18
Q

How long can muscle tenderness and stiffness caused by DOMS last?

A

5-7 days

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19
Q

Describe isometric exercise.

A

Muscle contracts without length change

Contractions should be held for > 6 seconds for adaptive muscle changes

Manual resistance

20
Q

Describe isotonic exercise

A

Isotonic exercises are those that put a consistent tension on the muscles while moving them through a full range of motion.

Machines

21
Q

Describe isokinetic exercise.

A

Dynamic, speed control for muscle length changes; resistance is accommodating and variale.

Push-ups, squats, Rowing

22
Q

Does OKC or CKC exercises prepare a patient for functional WB activities?

A

CKC

23
Q

Do OKC or CKC exercises stimulate mechanoreceptors?

A

CKC

24
Q

What is Karoven’s formula used to predict?

A

HR reserve

25
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Volume of air breathed each minute.

26
Q

How many Liters of air are breathed each minute (Minute ventilation)?

A

approx. 6L

27
Q

How do you calculate minute ventilation?

A

RR x Tidal volume

28
Q

(true/false) Exercise can reverse any damage to pulmonary tissue

A

False

29
Q

At altitudes of >6,000 ft, there can be a (increase/decrease) in performance with aerobic activities.

A

decrease

30
Q

Why at altitudes of >6,000 ft (1,829 m) is there a decrease in aerobic activity performance?

A

PPO2 is reduced resulting in poor oxygenation of hemoglobin

Hypoxia at altitude can result in immediate compensatory hyperventilation and increased HR

–> Hyperventilation = decreased CO2 = increase in alkaline body fluids

31
Q

How long does it take to acclimate to altitude starting at 7,545 ft (2,300 m)?

–> How much additional time is added when altitude increases by 1,968 ft (600m)?

A

a. 2 weeks
b. 1 week for every additional 600 m

32
Q

What happens to plasma volume and total red blood cell count with increasing altitude?

A

Plasma Volume: Decreased

Total RBC count: Increased –> increased hemoglobin = improved oxygenation

33
Q

VO2 max (increases/decreases) starting at 1,500 m.

A

decreases - continues to decrease by 2% for every 300 m increase.

Bottom line: decreased endurance performance

34
Q

(true/False) training at altitude provides improvement in performance at sea level.

A

FALSE

35
Q

(true/false) Dehydration is common when training in altitude.

A

True - air is dry and cool

36
Q

What adaptive changes with sarcomeres are made to contractile tissues when consistently stretching?

A

increase in number of sarcomeres

37
Q

What do muscle spindles monitor?

A

Velocity and length changes in muscle

38
Q

What does the golgi tendon organ (GTO) do?

A

inhibits contraction of the muscle when excessive tension develops - inhibits the alpha motor neuron activity/monosynaptic stretch reflex

39
Q

When can adhesions of muscle occur?

A

When the muscle is immobilized in a shortened position for an extended period of time

40
Q

What causes an irreversible contracture?

A

When normal soft tissue is replaced by an excessive amount of non-extensible tissue such as bone or fibrotic tissue

41
Q

Heat (increases/decreases) GTO sensitivity.

A

increases

42
Q

When improving stability, those with hyperkinetic movement disorders should start with (small/large) range movements.

A

Large range

progress to small range and then holding steady

43
Q

Are CKC or OKC exercises better for enhancing postural stabilization?

A

CKC

44
Q

Aquatic therapy (decreases/increases) peripheral blood flow.

A

increases - counteracts effusion and edema

45
Q

At what water temperature do most patients have difficulty maintaining core temperature?

A

77 degrees

NTPE (13 decks)

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