Final Frontier 2 Flashcards
What causes respiratory acidosis?
- Hypoventilation
- chronic pulmonary disease
What are the s/s of respiratory acidosis?
“CARBS”
- Cyanosis
- Agitation and confusion
- Restlessness and hyperventilation
- Blurred vision
- Seizures or stupor
What causes respiratory alkalosis?
- hyperventilation
- hypoxia
- CHF
What are the s/s of respiratory alkalosis?
“NO CARDS”
- Numbness
- orthostatic hypotension
- Confusion
- Anxiety
- Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
- Dizziness and diaphoresis
- Seizures
What causes metabolic acidosis?
- DM
- ETOH
- renal disease
- starvation
- diarrhea
What causes Metabolic alkalosis?
- bicarbonate ingestion
- vomiting
- diuretics
- steroids
What are the s/s of metabolic acidosis?
“SHAMED”
- Stupor
- Hyperkalemia
- Arrythmia/tachycardia
- Muscle twitching and weakness
- Emesis (vomiting), nausea, diarrhea
- Decreased CO
What are the s/s of metabolic alkalosis?
“QUAD Ts”
- Tetany/convulsions
- tachycardia
- tremors
- tingling
- Diarrhea
- Prolonged vomiting
What causes coxa valga?
angle of inclination > 125 degrees
angle between femoral neck and medial femoral shaft in the frontal plane
What structure is responsible for righting reactions?
midbrain
What causes coxa vara?
angle of inclination < 125 degrees
What structure is responsible for reflexes that result in movement of limbs?
spinal levels
ex: startle reflex
(true/false) birth control can predispose individuals to blood clots/pulmonary emobolism
true
pt will experience sudden desaturation in O2 with a spike in HR
Equinovarus will result in increased WB through the (medial/lateral) foot.
lateral foot
commonly seen with spastic CP equinovarus (PF + SUP)
What positioning of the hip can be used to test for FAI?
FADIR
(true/false) AFOs are used to promote knee EXT
FALSE - limits knee EXT/hyperEXT
diagnosis
retropatellar knee pain and softening of the cartilage on the back of the patella
chondromalacia patellae
diagnosis
impaired bone mineralization that is characterized by generalized bone pain and pseudofractures
osteomalacia
What are the common s/s of arnold chiari malformation?
- weakness
- pain
- sensory changes
- vertigo
- diplopia
- ataxia
What is keratitis?
corneal inflammation
What type of exudate is a common indication for early wound healing?
serosanguineus
Are solids or liquids more likely to lead to aspiration?
liquids
What are the s/s of hypokalemia?
“A SIC WALT”
- Alkalosis
- Shallow respiration
- Irritability
- Confusion and drowsiness
- Weakness and fatigue
- Arrythmias (flat or inverted T wave)
- Lethargy (N/V)
- Thready pulse (ST depression –> ischemia)
What are the s/s of hyperkalemia?
“MURDER”
- Muscle cramps
- Urine abnormalities
- Respiratory distress
- Decreased contractility
- EKG change (increased T wave and QRS length and height)
- Reflexes decreased
What are the s/s of hypocalcemia?
“CATS”
- Convulsions
- Arrythmias
- Tetany
- Stridor and Spasms
What are the s/s of hypercalcemia?
“BACK ME up”
- Bone pain
- Arrythmias (short QT interval and increased contraction rate)
- Kidney stones
- Muscle Weakness
- Excessive urination
up –> high calcium
What are the s/s of hyponatremia?
“SALT LOSS”
- Stupor/coma
- Anorexia
- Lethargy
- Tendon reflexes decreased
- Limp muscles/weakness
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Seizures and HA
- Stomach cramping
What are the s/s of hypernatremia?
“FRIED SALT”
- Fluid retention
- Restless and confused
- Increased BP and HR
- Edema
- Decreased urine output
- Skin flushing
- Agitation
- Low grade fever
- Thirst and dry mouth
What dx has relief with passing gas?
crohn’s disease
What dx has bloody diarrhea with mucus and pus?
UC
What type of ulcer has increased pain with an empty stomach (mornings and in between meals)?
duodenal ulcers
What type of ulcer has pain that is increased with eating?
gastric ulcer
What dx has pain relief with defecation and sleep?
irritable bowel syndrome
ribbon-like stool
Has cramps in the morning and/or after eating
What dx has coffee-ground emesis and dark, tarry stool (Melena)?
peptic ulcers
What is a pancoast tumor?
upper lung tumor
Pain pattern mimics TOS and will be found on the ipsilateral shoulder
Does INR increase or decrease with dehydration?
Increases –> results in thinner blood
If INR is decreased, blood will be thicker and can lead to a blood clot
diagnosis
- vertigo
- postural instability
- oscillopsia
- disequilibrium
- wide BOS
- decreased trunk ROT and head movement
UVH
What is regular toe-out angle?
5-7 degrees
What ROM is accepted for shoulder elevation during the first 2 weeks s/p SLAP tear repair?
PROM and AROM limited at 60 degrees for 2 weeks
–> progress to 90 degrees during weeks 3-4 post-op
When is ER/IR initiated s/p SLAP tear?
Weeks 1 and 2:
- ER < 15 degrees
- IR < 45 degrees
Weeks 3 and 4:
- ER < 30 degrees
- IR < 60 degrees
PROM is the only allowed stretching exercise for first phase of post-op but must be in the scapular plane ONLY
How long must you avoid activation/contraction of the biceps after a SLAP repair?
6 weeks
No carrying, resistance, and/or lifting objects for 8-12 weeks
What combined GH movements are NOT allowed s/p SLAP repair and/or bankart repair?
ABD + ER
After repair of a bankart lesion, how long is WB not permitted on the UE?
6 weeks
What motions are to be avoided s/p bankart repair?
- NO elevation past 90 degrees
- NO IR > 20 degrees
- NO horiz. ADD
restricted for 6 weeks
(true/false) PROM and AAROM are allowed during the first 6-8 weeks s/p RTC repair
FALSE
–> only PROM is allowed for the first 6-8 weeks post RTC repair
initiate in supine position at 45 ABD to promote ST joint stabilization
With RTC repair rehab, one must limit —– and —– translation of the humeral head
Limit anterior and superior translation of the humeral head
- position slightly anterior to the fronal plane with slight ABD
- Maintain an erect posture to avoid impingement
What warrants progression to AROM shoulder FLX and/or ABD s/p RTC repair?
When the pt can elevate the UE without shoulder hiking
When is dynamic strengthening allowed to be initiated s/p RTC tear?
8-12+ weeks depending on the size of the tear
How long are grade 3 mobilizations and rigorous stretching exercises avoided during RTC rehab?
6-12 weeks at least
What motion(s) are avoided if there is a supraspinatus +/- infraspinatus tear?
end-range IR
What motion(s) are avoided if there is a subscapularis tear?
end-range ER
With an RTC tear, if the deltoid becomes detached, what motions are restricted after repair?
End-range ADD, EXT, and Horiz. ADD
How long are CKC exercises avoided s/p RTC repair?
6 weeks
How long are functional activities avoided s/p RTC repair?
6-12 weeks
What are the hip precautions for an anterior approach?
- No FLX > 90 degrees
- NO EXT, ADD, or ER past neutral
- No combined FABER
- No prone positioning
What are the hip precautions for a posterior approach?
No ADD, IR, or FLX > 90 degrees
no combined FADIR for approx. 4 months s/p replacement
When are muscle setting exercises for DF, PF, INV, and EV initiated s/p ankle repair?
2 weeks post-op
How long is aggressive PF stretching avoided for s/p ankle repair?
12 weeks
(true/false) A pt s/p ankle repair can begin to perform WBAT weight shifting with use of a CAM orthosis at 4 weeks
true
(true/false) A pt s/p ankle repair may be FWB at 4-6 weeks post-op if they use a brace or heel lift
true
heel lift should be 1 - 1.5 cm
When can a heel lift be d/c for a pt that is s/p ankle repair?
12 weeks
After ACL reconstruction, CKC exercises are unable to be performed in what ROM?
60-90 degrees of FLX
–> FLX must remain < 60 degrees (mini- squats)
After ACL reconstruction, OKC exercises are unable to be performed in what ROM?
0-45 degrees
–> only permitted in the 45-90 degrees range
When is an ACL graft most vulnerable?
weeks 6-8 post-op
How long is a pt immobilized for after an ACL repair?
6 weeks in full EXT
only the PT is allowed to remove the brace
