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Northview HOSA Bowl 2015 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 9 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 9 Flashcards

1
Q

stomach

A

a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrum

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2
Q

stomatomycosis

A

any disease of the mouth due to a fungus

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3
Q

stomatoplasty

A

the surgical repair of the mouth

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4
Q

stomatorrhagia

A

bleeding from any part of the mouth

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5
Q

stool samples

A

specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics

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6
Q

strangulated hernia

A

occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off

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7
Q

temporomandibular disorder

A

part of the group of complex symptoms that include pain, headache, or difficulty in chewing athat are related to the functioning of the temporomandibular joint

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8
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together

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9
Q

total parenteral nutrition

A

administered to patients who cannot, or should not, get their nutrition through eating

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10
Q

transverse colon

A

passes horizontally from right to left toward the spleen

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11
Q

trismus

A

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

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12
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

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13
Q

upper and lower GI series

A

radiographic studies to examine the digestive system

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14
Q

uvula

A

hangs from the free edge of the soft palate

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15
Q

vermiform appendix

A

hangs from the lower portion of the cecum

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16
Q

villi

A

finger-like projections that cover the mucosa that lines the small intestine

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17
Q

volvulus

A

the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction

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18
Q

xerostomia

A

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth

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19
Q

ablation

A

the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

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20
Q

acute renal failure (ARF)

A

has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia

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21
Q

anuria

A

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

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22
Q

benign prostatis hypertrophy

A

an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over age 50

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23
Q

bladder retraining

A

a program of urinating on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals

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24
Q

bladder ultrasound

A

the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination

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25
Q

catheterization

A

performed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to control incontinence, or to place fluid into the bladder

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26
Q

chronic renal failure

A

the progressive loss of renal functions

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27
Q

computed tomography

A

used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system

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28
Q

cystalgia

A

pain in the urinary bladder

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29
Q

cystectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

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30
Q

cystitis

A

an inflammation of the bladder

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31
Q

cystocele

A

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a fallen bladder

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32
Q

cystography

A

a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter

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33
Q

cystolith

A

a stone located in the urinary bladder

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34
Q

cystopexy

A

the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

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35
Q

cystorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing of the bladder

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36
Q

cystoscopy

A

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

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37
Q

dialysis

A

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

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38
Q

diuresis

A

the increased output of urine

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39
Q

digital rectal examination

A

performed on men to screen for prostate enlargement, infection, and indications of prostate cancer

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40
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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41
Q

edema

A

excessive fluid in the body tissues

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42
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys

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43
Q

enuresis

A

the involuntary discharge of urine

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44
Q

epispadias

A

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male, the urethral opening is located on the upper surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris

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45
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

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46
Q

female urethra

A

approximately 1.5 inches long; urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina; conveys only urine

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47
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

a form of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli; also known as Bright’s disease

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48
Q

glomerulus

A

a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman’s capsule

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49
Q

hemodialysis

A

the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys

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50
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

a condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death

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51
Q

hydronephrosis

A

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

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52
Q

hydroureter

A

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

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53
Q

hyperproteinuria

A

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

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54
Q

hypospadias

A

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is into the vagina

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55
Q

incontinence

A

the inability to control excretory functions

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56
Q

indwelling catheter

A

one that remains inside the body for a prolonged time

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57
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

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58
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters used to diagnose changed in the urinary tract

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59
Q

Kegel exercises

A

a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence in women

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60
Q

Kidneys

A

a pair of bean-shaped organs that filter water and waste materials from the blood

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61
Q

KUB (Kidneys, Ureter, Bladder)

A

a radiographic study of these structures without the use of a contract medium

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62
Q

lithotomy

A

a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder

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63
Q

male urethra

A

approximately 8 inches long; urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis; transports both urine and semen

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64
Q

meatotomy

A

a surgical incision made in the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening

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65
Q

medulla

A

the inner region of the kidney

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66
Q

nephrectasis

A

the distention of a kidney

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67
Q

nephritis

A

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

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68
Q

nephrolith

A

a stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone

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69
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

a disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidney

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70
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

the surgical removal of a nephrolith (kidney stone) through an incision in the kidney

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71
Q

nephrologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

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72
Q

nephrolysis

A

the freeing of a kidney from adhesions

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73
Q

nephron

A

a functional unit of the kidney

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74
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney including degenerative and inflammatory conditions

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75
Q

nephropexy

A

the surgical fixation of a floating kidney

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76
Q

nephroptosis

A

the prolapse of a kidney

77
Q

nephropyosis

A

suppuration (formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney

78
Q

nephrosis

A

any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation

79
Q

nephrostomy

A

the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body

80
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

81
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination during the night

82
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleep

83
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urination

84
Q

overactive bladder (OAB)

A

occurs when the detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder is too active

85
Q

paraspadias

A

a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis

86
Q

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

treatment of a kidney stone that is performed with a nephroscope inserted through a small incision in the back

87
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

88
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

89
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

90
Q

prostate gland

A

part of the male reproductive system and surrounds the urethra

91
Q

prostatectomy

A

the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland

92
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

blood test used to screen for prostate cancer

93
Q

prostatism

A

the condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatis hypertrophy

94
Q

pyelitis

A

an inflammation of the renal pelvis

95
Q

pyelonephritis

A

an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney

96
Q

pyeloplasty

A

the surgical repair of the renal pelvis

97
Q

pyelotomy

A

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

98
Q

renal

A

pertaining to the kidneys

99
Q

renal colic

A

an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a kidney stone

100
Q

renal cortex

A

the outer region of the kidney

101
Q

renal failure

A

the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions

102
Q

renal pelvis

A

the funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla

103
Q

renal transplantation

A

the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient’s failed kidneys; a kidney transplant

104
Q

retrograde urography

A

a radiograph of the urinary system taken after dye has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward (backward) through the urinary tract

105
Q

stone

A

an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body; also known as a calculus

106
Q

stress incontinence

A

the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

107
Q

suprapubic catheterization

A

the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

108
Q

transurethral prostatectomy

A

the removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope

109
Q

trigone

A

the smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located between the openings of the ureter and urethra

110
Q

trigonitis

A

an inflammation of the urinary bladder that is localized in the region of the trigone

111
Q

urea

A

the major waste product of protein metabolism

112
Q

uremia

A

a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood

113
Q

ureterectasis

A

the distention of a ureter

114
Q

ureterectomy

A

the surgical removal of a ureter

115
Q

ureterolith

A

a stone located in a ureter

116
Q

ureteroplasty

A

the surgical repair of a ureter

117
Q

ureterorrhagia

A

the discharge of blood from the ureter

118
Q

ureterorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing of a ureter

119
Q

ureters

A

two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

120
Q

urethra

A

the tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body

121
Q

urethral catheterization

A

peformed by inserting a tube along the urethra and into the bladder

122
Q

urethral meatus

A

the external opening of the urethra

123
Q

urethritis

A

an inflammation of the urethra

124
Q

urethropexy

A

the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence

125
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the urethra

126
Q

urethrorrhea

A

an abnormal discharge from the urethra

127
Q

urethrostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the urethra

128
Q

urethrostomy

A

the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin

129
Q

urethrotomy

A

a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

130
Q

urinalysis

A

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

131
Q

urinary bladder

A

a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

132
Q

urinary hesitancy

A

difficulty in starting a urinary stream

133
Q

urinary incontinence

A

the inability to control the voiding of urine

134
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

an infection that usually begins in the bladder but that can affect all or parts of the urinary system

135
Q

urination

A

the normal process of excreting urine

136
Q

urochrome

A

the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color

137
Q

urologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

138
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vaginan that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

139
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

140
Q

Wilms tumor

A

a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

141
Q

Caus/o

A

Burning, burn

142
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum, brain

143
Q

Concuss/o

A

Shaken together, violently agitated

144
Q

Contus/o

A

Bruise

145
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

146
Q

-esthesia

A

Sensation, feeling

147
Q

Esthet/o

A

Feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

148
Q

-graphy

A

Process of producing a picture or record

149
Q

Mening/o

A

Membranes, meninges

150
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord, bone marrow

151
Q

Neur/o, Neru/o

A

Nerve, nerve tissue

152
Q

Phobia

A

Abnormal fear

153
Q

Psych/o

A

Mind

154
Q

Radicul/o

A

Root or Nerve root

155
Q

Tropic

A

Having an affinity for

156
Q

Acrophobia

A

Excessive fear of heights.

157
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language.

158
Q

Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis

A

Rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

159
Q

Anesthetic

A

Medication used to induce anesthesia.

160
Q

Anesthetist

A

Medical Professional who specializes in administering anesthesia, but is not a physician. EX nurse anesthetist.

161
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situation, or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation.

162
Q

Autism

A

Subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders.

163
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face.

164
Q

Carotid Ultrasonography

A

Ultrasound study of the carotid artery that is performed to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke.

165
Q

Causalgia

A

Persistent, severe, burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve.

166
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, and other neurologic deficiencies.

167
Q

Cervical Radiculopathy

A

Nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region.

168
Q

Claustrophobia

A

Abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces.

169
Q

Cognition

A

Mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.

170
Q

Coma

A

Deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye moments, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization.

171
Q

Concussion

A

Violent shaking up or jarring of the brain.

172
Q

Delirium

A

Acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disorders thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations.

173
Q

Delirium Tremens

A

Disorder involving sudden and sever mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol.

174
Q

Delusion

A

False personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.

175
Q

Dementia

A

Slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking, and judgement that is often accompanied by personality changes.

176
Q

Dura Mater

A

Thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges.

177
Q

Dyslexia

A

Learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols.

178
Q

Echoencephalography

A

Use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes.

179
Q

Electroencephalography

A

Process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the us of electrodes attached to the scalp.

180
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain.

181
Q

Epidural Anesthesia

A

Regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine.

182
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic neurologic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity

183
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

Condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.

184
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

Inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis.

185
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles.

186
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Condition characterized by fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance.

187
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.

188
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

Most common type of stroke in older people, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery.

Northview HOSA Bowl 2015 (35 decks)

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