Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Northview HOSA Bowl 2015 > Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 4 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chondroma

A

slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of cartilage that connects a rib to sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hallux valgus

A

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe - bunion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dislocation

A

the total displacement of a bone from its joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

subluxation

A

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

arthritis

A

an inflammatory condition of one or more joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

most commonly associated with aging (wear-and-tear arthritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

spondylosis

A

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gouty arthritis

A

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

herniated disk

A

the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lumbago

A

pain of the lumbar region of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-ago

A

diseased condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side (dowager’s hump)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

craniostenosis

A

malformation of skull due to premature closure of cranial sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

fibrous dysplasia

A

bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ostealgia

A

pain in a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

osteitis

A

an inflammation of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

osteomyelitis

A

an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

osteonecrosis

A

the death of bone tissue due to a lack of sufficient blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

periostitis

A

inflammation of periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

rickets

A

deficiency disease occurring in children - infantile osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

short stature

A

a condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

talipes

A

describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

primary bone cancer

A

a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

secondary bone cancer

A

describes tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

myeloma

A

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

osteochondroma

A

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage - exostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

osteoporosis (OP)

A

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density in a young person - condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

compression fracture

A

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

usually caused by a weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

fracture (Fx)

A

a broken bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

closed fracture

A

one in which the bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

open fracture

A

one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

comminuted fracture

A

one in which bone is splintered or crushed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

greenstick fracture

A

one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

oblique fracture

A

occurs at an angle across the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

pathologic fracture

A

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain - due to osteoporosis or cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

spiral fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

stress fracture

A

a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

transverse fracture

A

occurs straight across the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

fat embolus

A

can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound heard when ends of a broken bone move together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

callus

A

forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break as a bone heals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

radiograph

A

use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities - x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

arthroscopy

A

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

a diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

MRI, used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

bone density testing (BDT)

A

used to determine losses or changes in bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

ultrasonic bone density testing

A

a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

low-exposure radiographic measurement of spine and hips to measure bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

A

used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas, that affect bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

allogenic bone marrow transplant

A

uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

allogenic

A

originating with another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

autologous bone marrow transplant

A

the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and then stored before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

autologous

A

originating within an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

autologous

A

originating within an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

orthotic

A

a mechanical applicance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

prosthesis

A

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder - surgical anyylosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

arthrolysis

A

surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint - breaking down or destruction of joint

77
Q

arthroscopic surgery

A

a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

78
Q

bursectomy

A

surgical removal of a bursa

79
Q

chondroplasty

A

the surgical repair of damaged cartilage

80
Q

synovectomy

A

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

81
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical placement of an artificial joint

82
Q

total knee replacement (TKR)

A

procedure in which all of the parts of the knee are replaced

83
Q

partial knee replacement (PKR)

A

a procedure in which only part of knee is replaced

84
Q

total hip replacement (THR)

A

performed to restore a adamaged hip to full function

85
Q

bone-conserving hip resurfacing

A

function is restored to the hip by placing a metal cap over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a metal lining in the acetabulum

86
Q

revision surgery

A

replacement of a worn or failed implant

87
Q

percutaneous diskectomy

A

performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk

88
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

89
Q

laminectomy

A

the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra

90
Q

spinal fusion

A

a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together (fusing) two or more vertebrae

91
Q

craniectomy

A

the surgical removal of a portion of the skull

92
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical incision or opening into the skull

93
Q

cranioplasty

A

the surgical repair of the skull

94
Q

osteoclasis

A

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

95
Q

ostectomy

A

the surgical removal of bone

96
Q

osteoplasty

A

the surgical repair of a bone or bones

97
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones

98
Q

osteotomy

A

a surgical incision or sectioning of a bone

99
Q

periosteotomy

A

an incision through the periosteum to the bone

100
Q

closed reduction (CR)

A

attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation

101
Q

immobilization

A

the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

102
Q

traction

A

a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

103
Q

external fixation

A

a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external applicance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing

104
Q

internal fixation

A

fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into bone to hold broken pieces in place

105
Q

total hip arthroplasty (THA)

A

THA

106
Q

total joint arthroplasty (TJA)

A

TJA

107
Q

total knee arthroplasty (TKA)

A

TKA

108
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

109
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

110
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, or painful

111
Q

fasci/o-

A

fascia, fibrous band

112
Q

fibr/o-

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

113
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

114
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

115
Q

kines/o-, kinesi/o-

A

movement

116
Q

my/o-, myos/o-

A

muscle

117
Q

muscul/o-

A

muscle

118
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke (pg. 100)

119
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

120
Q

tax/o-

A

coordination, order

121
Q

ten/o-, tend/o-, tendin/o-

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

122
Q

ton/o-

A

tone, stretching, tension

123
Q

tri-

A

three

124
Q

muscle fibers

A

long, slender cells that make up muscles (pg. 101)

125
Q

fascia

A

band of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, or separates muscles or groups of muscles (plural fasciae or fascias). (pg. 101)

126
Q

myofascial

A

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia (pg. 101)

127
Q

tendon

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone, not to be confused with ligaments which connect bone to bone (pg. 101)

128
Q

skeletal muscles

A

attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible - voluntary / striated (pg. 102)

129
Q

smooth muscles

A

located in the walls of internal organs such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands; move and control the flow of fluids through these structures - involuntary / unstriated / visceral (pg. 102)

130
Q

myocardial muscles

A

form the muscular walls of the heart; striated but involuntary - myocardium / cardiac muscle (pg. 102)

131
Q

cardi/o-

A

heart

132
Q

muscle innervation

A

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve (pg. 103)

133
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle (pg. 103)

134
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

135
Q

poly-

A

many

136
Q

-ceps

A

head

137
Q

-algia, -dynia

A

pain

138
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

139
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

140
Q

brady-

A

slow

141
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness or lack of strength

142
Q

epi-

A

on

143
Q

-paresis

A

partial or incomplete paralysis

144
Q

hemi-

A

half

145
Q

quadr/i-

A

four

146
Q

-otomy

A

surgical incision

147
Q

-lysis

A

to set free

148
Q

-desis

A

to bind or tie together

149
Q

aponeurosis 96

A

sheetlike fibrous connective tissue that resembles a flattened tendon that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a meas of connecting muscle to bone

150
Q

contraction

A

tightening of a muscle - becomes shorter and thicker, causing the belly of the muscle to enlarge (pg. 103)

151
Q

relaxation

A

muscle returns to its original form - becomes longer and thinner, and belly is no longer enlarged (pg. 103)

152
Q

abduction

A

movement AWAY from midline of the body - abductor moves away (pg. 103)

153
Q

ab-

A

away from

154
Q

duct

A

to lead

155
Q

-ion

A

action

156
Q

adduction

A

movement TOWARD the midline of the body - adductor moves toward (pg. 103)

157
Q

ad-

A

towards

158
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at the joint (pg. 104)

159
Q

flex

A

to bend (pg. 104)

160
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb (pg. 104)

161
Q

ex-

A

out, away from

162
Q

tens-

A

to stretch out

163
Q

hyperextension

A

extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit (pg. 104)

164
Q

elevation

A

the act of raising or lifting a body part (pg. 104)

165
Q

depression

A

the act of lowering a body part

166
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis (pg. 104)

167
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of a limb at the far end (pg. 104)

168
Q

supination

A

act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward (pg. 105)

169
Q

pronation

A

rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned downward or backward (pg. 105)

170
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle - opposite of plantar flexion (pg. 105)

171
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle - opposite of dorsiflexion (pg. 105)

172
Q

origin

A

place where muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or a less movable part of the skeleton - the less movable attachment (pg. 105)

173
Q

insertion

A

place where muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon, farthest point from midline - more moveable attachment (pg. 105)

174
Q

cleid/o

A

collar bone (pg. 105)

175
Q

pectoralis major

A

thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall (pg. 106)

176
Q

lateralis

A

toward the side (pg. 107)

177
Q

vastus lateralis

A

muscle toward the outer side of the leg. Extends leg at the knee; part of the quadriceps group (pg. 107)

178
Q

medialis

A

toward the midline (pg. 107)

179
Q

vastus medialis

A

muscle toward the midline of the leg. Extends leg at the knee; part of the quadriceps group (pg. 107)

180
Q

oblique

A

slanted, at an angle, slanted alignment (pg. 107)

181
Q

rectus

A

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body (pg. 108)

182
Q

sphincter

A

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway, named for the passage involved (pg. 108)

183
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction (pg. 108)

184
Q

biceps brachii

A

located in the anterior upper arm, flexes the elbow, formed from two divisions (pg. 108)

185
Q

triceps brachii

A

located in the posterior upper arm, flexes the elbow, formed from three divisions (pg. 108)

186
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest muscle of the buttock, maximus means great or large (pg. 108)

187
Q

deltoid muscle

A

shaped like an inverted triangle or the Greek letter delta - forms the muscular cap of the shoulder (pg. 108)

188
Q

hamstring group

A

located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles–biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus–supports knee flexion and hip extension (pg. 109)

Northview HOSA Bowl 2015 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions