Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
chronic
A
of long duration. (pg14)
2
Q
disease
A
a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally. (pg14)
3
Q
chronic fatigue syndrome
A
a persistent overwhelming fatigue of unknown origin. (pg14)
4
Q
CFS
A
an abbreviation for … “chronic fatigue syndrome”. (pg14)
5
Q
ileum
A
the last and longest portion of the small intestine. Memory aid: “il-e-um” is spelled with an “E” as in “int-e-stine”. (pg14)
6
Q
ilium
A
part of the hip bone. Memory aid: “il-i-um” is spelled with an “I” as in “hip”.(pg14)
7
Q
exudate
A
fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound. (pg14)
8
Q
erythema
A
redness. (pg15)
9
Q
hyperthermia
A
heat. (pg15)
10
Q
mucous
A
the specialized membranes that line the body cavities. (pg15)
11
Q
mucus
A
fluid secreted by mucous membranes. (pg15)
12
Q
myc/o
A
a combining form meaning … fungus. (pg15)
13
Q
myel/o
A
a combining form meaning … bone marrow or spinal cord. (pg15)
14
Q
my/o
A
a combining form meaning … muscle. (pg15)
15
Q
-ologist
A
a suffix meaning … specialist. (pg15)
16
Q
dermat
A
a word root meaning … skin. (pg15)
17
Q
neo-
A
a prefix meaning … new. (pg15)
18
Q
pyel/o
A
a combining form meaning … renal pelvis, which is part of the kidney. (pg16)
19
Q
pyelitis
A
an inflammation of the renal pelvis. (pg16)
20
Q
py/o
A
a combining form meaning … pus. (pg16)
21
Q
pyoderma
A
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo. (pg16)
22
Q
pyr/o
A
a combining form meaning … fever or fire. (pg16)
23
Q
heartburn
A
also known as “pyrosis”. (pg16)
24
Q
virile
A
having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male. (pg16)
25
MS
an abbreviation not to be used ... can mean either "morphine sulfate" or "magnesium sulfate". (pg17)
26
QD or QOD
an abbreviation not to be used ... means "daily" or "every other day", sometimes mistaken for each other. (pg17)
27
U
an abbreviation not to be used ... means "units", sometimes mistaken for "0" or "4". (pg17)
28
megal/o
a combining form meaning ... large, great. (pg8)
29
micr/o
a combining form meaning ... small. (pg8)
30
oste/o, ost/o
a combining form meaning ... bone. (pg542)
31
-ar, -ic, -ac
pertaining to
32
-crine
to secrete
33
-eal
pertaining to
34
-ic
pertaining to
35
-ior
pertaining to
36
-ose
pertaining to
37
-pathy
disease
38
-plasia
formation
39
-plasm
formative material of cells
40
-stasis
control
41
-tics
pertaining to
42
-trophy
development
43
a-
without
44
abdomin(o)-
abdomen
45
abdominal cavity or abdomen
contains primarily the major organs of digestion
46
abdominopelvic cavity
refers to two cavities as a single unit
47
aden(o)-
glands
48
adenectomy
surgical removal of a gland
49
adenocarcinoma
malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
50
adenoma
benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue
51
adenomalacia
abnormal softening of a gland
52
adenosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a gland
53
adenosis
any disease condition of a gland
54
adip-
fat
55
adipose tissue
fat - provides protective padding, insulation, and support
56
adult stem cells
somatic stem cells - undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
57
airborne transmission
occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze (cold, flu, TB, measles)
58
ana-
excessive
59
anal atresia
congenital absence of the opening at the bottom end of the anus
60
anaplasia
change in the structure of the cells and in their orientation to each other (tumors, cancer)
61
anatomic position
describes the body assuming that the individual is standing in the standard position that includes: standing up straight so that body is erect and facing forward; holding arms at sides with hands turned with palms turned toward front
62
anatomic reference systems
used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body
63
anatomy
study of the structures of the body
64
anomaly
deviation from what is regarded as normal
65
anter(o)-
front or before
66
anterior
situated in the front; front or forward part of an organ (opposite to posterior)
67
aplasia
defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
68
atresia
congenital absence of a normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
69
autopsy
postmorten examination
70
benign
not life-threatening
71
bilateral
relating to, or having, two sides
72
birth injuries
congenital disorder that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth
73
bloodborne transmission
spread of disease through contact with blood or other body fluid that are contaminated with blood (HIV, hepatitis B, STDs)
74
body cavities
spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
75
body planes
imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used the divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
76
carcin-
cancerous
77
caud(o)-
tail or lower part of the body
78
caudal
toward the lower part of the body (opposite to cephalic)
79
cell membrane
tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment
80
cells
basic structural and functional units of the body
81
cephal(o)-
head
82
cephalic
toward the head (opposite to caudal)
83
cerebral palsy
result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or not enough oxygen to the brain during birth
84
chondr(i)-
cartilage
85
chromosomes
genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
86
communicable
capable of being transmitted
87
communicable disease
condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects - contagious disease
88
congenital
existing at birth
89
congenital disorder
abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
90
connective tissue
supports and connects organs and other body tissue
91
contamination
the pathogen is possibly present
92
cord blood
found in umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn infant
93
cranial cavity
located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain
94
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
95
cyt(o)-
cell or hollow place
96
cytology
study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell
97
cytoplasm
material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
98
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
99
degeneration
worsening condition
100
dem(o)-
population
101
dense connective tissue
form the joints and framework of the body - bone or cartilage
102
developmental disorder
anomaly or malformation such as absence of the limb or the presence of an extra toe - birth defect
103
diaphragm
muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
104
differentiated
having a specialized function of structure
105
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure (opposite to proximal)
106
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
107
dominant gene
inherited from either parent - the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic
108
dors-
back of the organ or body (opposite of ventral)
109
dorsal
refers to the back of the organ or body
110
dorsal cavity
located along the back of the body and head - divided into cranial cavity and spinal cavity
111
double helix
consists of two helixes twisted together
112
Down syndrome (DS)
genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
113
dysplasia
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
114
embryonic stem cells
undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, can form any cell
115
en-
within
116
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within the population, group, or area
117
endo-
within
118
endocrine glands
produce homones - do not have ducts
119
endothelium
specialized epithelial tissue that lines blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
120
epi-
above
121
epidemic
sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
122
epidemiologist
specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
123
epidermis
outer layer of the skin
124
epigastric region
above the stomach
125
epithelial tissue
form a protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of body
126
epithelium
specialized epithelial tissue that forms epidermis of the skin and surface layer of mucous membranes
127
eti-
cause
128
etiology
study of causes of diseases
129
exo-
out of
130
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body - sweat glands
131
fetal alcohol syndrome
caused by the mother's consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy
132
fetal alcohol syndrome
physical and behavioral traits, including growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, socialization difficulties
133
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
134
food-borne and water-borne transmission
eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present - (fecal-oral transmission)
135
frontal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into arterior (front) and posterior (back) portions - coronal plane
136
functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified - (ex. panic attack)
137
gametic cell mutation
change within the genes in a gamete (sex cells) that can be transmitted by a parent
138
gene
fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity
139
gene-
producing
140
genetic mutation
change of sequence of a DNA molecule
141
genetic disorder
pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene - hereditary disorder
142
genetic engineering
manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes
143
genetic mutation
change of sequence of a DNA molecule
144
geneticist
specialist in field of genetics
145
genetics
study of how genes are transferred from parent to their children and the role of genes in health and disease
146
genome
complete set of genetic information of an individual
147
geriatrician
physician who specializes in the care of older people - gerontologist
148
geriatrics
study of the medical problems and care of the aged - gerontology
149
glands
group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
150
graft versus host disease
rejection if not excellent match in stem cells
151
groin
crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper and of the thigh
152
helix
shape twisted like a spiral staircase
153
hemophilia
hereditary bleeding disorder in which blood-clotting factor is missing
154
hemopoietic
related to the production of blood cells
155
hist-
tissue
156
histologist
specialist in the study of the organizaton of tissue at all levels
157
histology
study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
158
home(o)-
constant
159
homeostasis
process though which the body maintains a constant internal environment
160
horizontal plane
a flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon
161
Huntington's disease (HD)
genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife
162
hyperplasia
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in number of cells in the tissue
163
hypertrophy
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ is due to an increase in the size, but not in number of cells in the tissue
164
hypochondriac
below ribs
165
hypochondriac regions
located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs
166
hypogastric region
located below stomach
167
hypoplasia
incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
168
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment (severe burns from radiation therapy)
169
idi(o)-
peculiar to the individual
170
idiopathic
without known cause
171
idiopathic disorder
illness without known cause
172
ili-
hip bone
173
iliac regions
located on the left and right sides over the hip bones
174
indirect contact transmission
situation in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
175
infectious disease
illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
176
inferior
lowermost, below, or toward the feet (opposite to superior)
177
inguinal
relating to the groin - refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
178
lateral
direction toward or nearer the side and away from midline (opposite to medial)
179
liquid connective tissue
blood and lymph, transport nutirents and waste products throughout the body
180
LLQ
left lower quadrant (abdomen)
181
loose connective tissue
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
182
lumb-
lower back
183
lumbar
part of the back between ribs and pelvis
184
lumbar region
on the left and right sides near inward curve of spine
185
LUQ
left upper quadrant (abdomen)
186
malignant
harmful
187
medial
direction toward, or nearer, the midline (opposite to lateral)
188
membrane
thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ
