Medical Terminology for Health Professions Part 8 Flashcards
1
Q
tuberculosis
A
an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs
2
Q
upper respiratory infections
A
among the terms used to describe the common cold; can be caused by any one of 200 different viruses
3
Q
upper respiratory tract
A
consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
4
Q
ventilator
A
a mechanical device for artificial ventilation of the lungs that is used to replace or supplement the patient’s natural breathing function
5
Q
video-assisted thoracic surgery
A
the use of a video-assisted thoracoscope to view the inside of the chest cavity through very small incisions
6
Q
viral pneumonia
A
caused by several different types of viruses and accounts for approximately half of all pneumonias
7
Q
visceral pleura
A
the inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung
8
Q
abdominal computed tomography (CT)
A
a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen
9
Q
abdominal ultrasound
A
a noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves
10
Q
absorption
A
the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body
11
Q
acid reducers
A
decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach
12
Q
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
A
caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth
13
Q
aerophagia
A
the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach
14
Q
amebic dysentery
A
an intestinal disorder caused by a parasite
15
Q
anabolism
A
the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients
16
Q
anal fissure
A
a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that cau cause severe pain during a bowel movement
17
Q
anastomosis
A
a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
18
Q
anorexia
A
the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease
19
Q
anorexia nervosa
A
an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance
20
Q
anoscoopy
A
the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum
21
Q
antacids
A
neutralize the acids in the stomach
22
Q
antiemetic
A
a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
23
Q
anus
A
the lower opening of the digestive tract
24
Q
aphthous ulcers
A
grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers
25
ascending colon
travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver
26
ascites
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
27
bariatric surgery
performed to treat morbid obesity to restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested
28
bariatrics
the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
29
bile
a digestive juice secreted by the liver
30
biliary tree
provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine
31
bilirubin
the pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin
32
body mass index (BMI)
a number that shows body weight adjusted for height
33
bolus
a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
34
borborygmus
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
35
botulism
food poisoning characterized by paralysis and often death; caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum
36
bowel incontinence
the inability to control the excretion of feces
37
bruxism
the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress
38
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting
39
cachexia
a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
40
capsule endoscopy
a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows
41
catabolism
the breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide
42
cecum
a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen
43
cheilosis
a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
44
cholangiography
a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
45
cholangitis
an acute infection of the bile duct
46
cholecystalgia
pain in the gallbladder
47
cholecystectomy
the surgical removal of the gallbladder
48
cholecystic
pertaining to the gallbladder
49
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones
50
choledocholithotomy
an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones
51
cholelithiasis
the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
52
cholera
severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera
53
chyme
the semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach, through the pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestine
54
cirrhosis
a progressive degenerative disease of the liver
55
cleft lip
a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development
56
cleft palate
the failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus
57
colectomy
the surgical removal of all, or part of, the colon
58
colon
the longest portion of the large intestine
59
colonoscopy
the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum
60
colorectal carcinoma
colon cancer
61
colostomy
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
62
constipation
having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week
63
Crohn's disease
a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
64
defecation
the evacuation or emptying of the large intestine
65
dehydration
a condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body's normal electrolyte balance
66
dental calculus
dental plaque that has calcified (hardened) on the teeth
67
dental caries
an infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of the tooth; also known as tooth decay or a cavity
68
dental plaque
forms as soft deposits in sheltered areas near the gums and between the teeth
69
dental prophylaxis
the professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus
70
dentist
specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity
71
dentition
refers to the natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws
72
descending colon
travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon
73
diarrhea
an abnormal frequent flow of loose or watery stools that can lead to dehydration
74
digestion
the process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use
75
diverticulectomy
the surgical removal of a diverticulum
76
diverticulitis
the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon
77
diverticulosis
the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon
78
duodenum
the first portion of the small intestine; extends from the pylorus to the jejunum
79
dyspepsia
pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion
80
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
81
edentulous
without teeth
82
emesis
the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth; also known as vomiting
83
endoscope
an instrument used for visual examination of internal structures
84
enema
the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
85
enteritis
an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens
86
epiglottis
a lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx during swallowing
87
eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
88
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
89
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
an endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum
90
esophagus
the muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach
91
feces
solid body wastes expelled through the rectum and anus
92
flatulence
the passage of gas out of the body through the rectum
93
gallbladder
a pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver
94
gallstone
a hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to the concretion of bile components
95
gastrectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
96
gastritis
a common inflammation of the stomach lining
97
gastroduodenostomy
the removal of the pylorus of the stomach and the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
98
gastroenteritis
an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines
99
gastroenterologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the stomach and intestines
100
gastroesophageal reflux disease
the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
101
gastrointestinal tract
the structures of the digestive system
102
gastrorrhea
the excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucous in the stomach
103
gastrostomy tube
a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach
104
gingiva
the specialized mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth, covers the bone of the dental arches, and lines the cheeks; also known as the gums
105
gingivectomy
the surgical removal or diseased gingival tissue
106
gingivitis
the earliest stage of periodontal disease, and the inflammation affects only the gums
107
halitosis
an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders; also known as bad breath
108
hard palate
the bony anterior portion of the palate that is covered with specialized mucous membrane
109
hematemesis
vomiting blood
110
hemoccult test
a lab test for hidden blood in the stools
111
hemorrhoidectomy
the surgical removal of hemorrhoids
112
hemorrhoids
occur when a cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening
113
hepatectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of the liver
114
hepatitis
an inflammation of the liver
115
hepatomegaly
the abnormal enlargement of the liver
116
hepatorrhaphy
surgical suturing of the liver
117
herpes labialis
blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters
118
hiatal hernia
a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
119
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
120
ileectomy
the surgical removal of the ileum
121
ileocecal sphincter
the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine
122
ileostomy
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall
123
ileum
the last and longest portion of the small intestine; extends from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine
124
ileus
the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine
125
inflammatory bowel disease
the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines
126
inguinal hernia
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
127
internist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems
128
intestinal obstruction
the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intesting caused by a physical obstruction
129
intussusceptions
the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part
130
irritable bowel syndrome
a common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea
131
jaundice
a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes
132
jejunum
the middle portion of the small intestine; extends from the duodenum to the ileum
133
large intestine
extends from the small end of the small intestine to the anus
134
laxatives
medications or foods given to stimulate bowel movements
135
lips
form the opening to the oral cavity
136
liver
a large organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
137
liver transplant
an option for a patient whose liver has failed for a reason other than liver cancer
138
lower esophageal sphincter
a muscular ring that controls the flow between the esophagus and stomach
139
malabsorption
a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it
140
malnutrition
a lack of proper food or nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest, absorb, and distribute these nutrients
141
malocclusion
any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
142
mastication
chewing; breaks food down into smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva, and prepares it to be swallowed
143
maxillofacial surgery
specialized surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries
144
melena
the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools
145
metabolism
includes all of the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients
146
morbid obesity
the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight; also known as clinically severe obesity
147
nasogastric intubation
the placementof a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach
148
nausea
the urge to vomit
149
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
describes a range of conditions characterized by an accumulation of fat within the liver that affect people who drink little or no alcohol
150
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation
151
obesity
an excessive accumulation of fat in the body
152
occlusion
describes any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth
153
oral cavity
contains the lips, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and the periodontium
154
oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
a treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract the dehydration that can accompany severe diarrhea
155
oral thrush
develops when the fungus Candida albicans grows out of control
156
orthodontist
a dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures
157
ostomy
a surgical procedure to create an articial opening between an organ and the body surface
158
palate
forms the roof of the mouth
159
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft lip and/or palate
160
pancreas
a soft, 6 inch long oblong gland that is located behind the stomach
161
papillae
small bumps found on the upper surface of the tongue
162
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
163
periodontal disease
an inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth
164
periodontist
a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth
165
periodontium
consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth
166
peristalsis
a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction
167
permanent dentition
consists of 32 teeth that are designed to last a lifetime
168
pharynx
the common passageway for both respiration and digestion
169
pica
an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint, or clay that lasts for at least 1 month
170
primary dentition
consists of 20 teeth that are normally lost during childhood and are replaced by the permanent teeth
171
proctectomy
the surgical removal of the rectum
172
proctologist
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
173
proctopexy
the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ
174
proctoplasty
the surgical repair of the rectum
175
pyloric sphincter
the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine
176
pylorus
the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine
177
pyrosis
the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus; also known as heartburn
178
rectum
the widest division of the large intestine
179
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
180
rugae
the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
181
saliva
a colorless liquid that moistens the mouth, begins the digestive process, and lubricates food during chewing and swallowing
182
salivary glands
secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth
183
salmonellosis
an infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces
184
sigmoid colon
an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below
185
sigmoidoscopy
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon
186
small intestine
a coiled organ up to 20 feet in length that extends from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine
187
soft palate
the flexible posterior portion of the palate
188
steatosis
characterized by accumulations of fat within the liver that usually does not cause liver damage
