Medical Biochemistry

Question 1

Metabolic situation in a type 1 diabetic patient who forgot to eat after she self-administered her insulin in the afternoon with serum glucose level at 18mg/dL.

Answer 1

Reversal of muscle hexokinase reaction converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose for oxidation in glycolysis.

Question 2

What type of DM is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas?

Answer 2

DM Type I

Question 3

Additional abnormality present prior to treatment in a patient who experiences weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia with elevated blood glucose and slight increase in ketones.

Answer 3

Decreased concentration of fructose-2,6-biphosphate in the liver in Type 1DM

Question 4

Highly correlated pathology with obesity in the development of the metabolic syndrome.

Answer 4

Insulin resistance

Question 5

Mechanism of action of sulfonylureas to treat type 2 DM.

Answer 5

Binding to and blocking pancreatic channels leading to increased insulin secretion.

Question 6

Important additive factor for obesity, genetic profile, and aging in the development of T2DM.

Answer 6

Muscle resistance to insulin.

Question 7

What are the determinants of anion gap?

Answer 7

1. Na
2. K
3. Cl
4. HCO3

Question 8

Ketosis leads to increase of _________, ___________, _________ in athletes.

Answer 8

Muscle-to-fat ratio
Endurance
Oxygen utilization

Question 9

Levels of what hormone is reduced in ketogenic diet that may be beneficial in patients with pcos?

Answer 9

Insulin

Question 10

The most sensitive test for acromegaly involves a substance that is primarily secreted by what gland?

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

What hormone is responsible for the regulation of secretion thyroxine and triiodothyronine?

Answer 11

TSH

Question 12

If the skin temperature is higher than that of the surrounding air temperature, the body can lose heat by ___________.

Answer 12

Radiation

Question 13

If air temperature of the surroundings is greater than that of the skin, the body regulates temperature by ____________.

Answer 13

Evaporation

Question 14

During intense exercise, the main mechanism for thermoregulation is ________?

Answer 14

Conduction

Question 15

Humidity affects thermoregulation by _____________?

Answer 15

Limiting sweat evaporation

Question 16

The physiological control of the body’s core temperature, serving as the body’s thermostat, is primarily located in the _______________?

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

This explains how the brown adipose tissue in newborns generates large amounts of heat.

Answer 17

Mitochondrial leak of hydrogen ions

Question 18

This adipokine is reduced in response to increase in visceral fat and concomitant loss of peripheral tissue.

Answer 18

Adiponectin

Question 19

Effect of hormones epinephrine and glucagon on glycogen metabolism in the liver.

Answer 19

Glycogen phosphorylase is phosphorelated and active
Glycogen synthase is phosphorylated and inactive

Question 20

Overproduction of this hormone by a neoplasm is best diagnosed by an increase in urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid.

Answer 20

Epinephrine

Question 21

Hormone that is hydrolized by DPP4 and when inhibited results in decreased plasma glucose concentration and pancreatic glucagon secretion .

Answer 21

Glucagon-like-peptide I

Question 22

Anemic patient with a hemoglobin level 12.2g/dL , microcytic erythrocyte MCV 70fL.

Answer 22

Iron deficiency

Question 23

The term forensic pertains to?
A. Crime
B. Investigatory
C. Autopsy
D. Law
E. Criminal

Answer 23

D. Law