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Biochemistry > Integrative Biochemistry > Flashcards

Integrative Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Synthesis of compounds from smaller raw materials.

A

Anabolic

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2
Q

Given an example of an amphibolic pathway.

A

Citric Acid Cycle

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3
Q

What is the brain’s primary fuel source in long term fasting?

A

Ketone bodies

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4
Q

Blood component that is higher in concentration than a normal overnight fast in a person whose been fasting completely for a week?

A

Ketone bodies

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5
Q

This is a sequence of 10 reactions catalyzed by enzymes leading to the formation of pyruvate releasing free energy.

A

Glycolysis

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6
Q

This reaction yields ATP and NADH.

A

Both Glycolysis & Kreb’s cycle

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7
Q

This process has a preparatory or investment phase wherein ATP is consumed and a pay-off phase wherein ATP is produced.

A

Glycolysis

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8
Q

This process provides precursors of certain amino acids.

A

Both Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle

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9
Q

The reactions of this process are carried out by 8 enzymes that completely oxidize acetate.

A

Kreb’s Cycle

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10
Q

Which hormone is produced by B-cells of the islets of Langerhans

A

Insulin

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11
Q

This is an alternate pathway for ethanol metabolism induced in chronic alcoholics.

A

Microsomal ethanol oxidation system

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12
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of urea cycle.

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

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13
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis.

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

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14
Q

Most deficient lipids in a teenager with a fat-free diet for several weeks.

A

Prostaglandins

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15
Q

Characteristic of regulated reactions in glycolysis

A
  1. Regulated reactions are also irreversible reactions .
  2. Include the enzymes hexokinase , phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase.
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16
Q

Action of AMP-activated kinase that explains the adipose tissue benefits of metformin.

A

Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin and mtor kinase inhibitor

17
Q

Characteristic of fasting metabolic state

A
  1. Ketone bodies are synthesized in liver in the fasting state and the amount synthesized increases as fasting extends into starvation.
  2. In the fasting state , the main metabolic fuel for most tissues comes from fatty acids released from adipose tissue
18
Q

Only GLUT transporter that requires insulin.

A

GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle & adipose tissue

19
Q

Hormone on the fed state

A

Insulin

20
Q

2nd messenger of Insulin.

A

Tyrosine Kinase

21
Q

2nd messenger of glucagon.

A

cAMP

22
Q

Storage place of glycogen

A

Muscle> Liver

23
Q

Helper of Glycogen Synthase.

A

Branching enzyme: a-1,6-glycosidic linkage

24
Q

Organs where glycogenolysis happens.

A

Muscle > Liver (Liver is a giver)

25
Q

Missing enzyme in muscle compared to liver.

A

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

26
Q

End product of glycogenolysis in the muscle.

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate

27
Q

End product of glycogenolysis in the liver.

A

Glucose

28
Q

When does Glycogen phosphorylase stop?

A

Limit Dextrin (4 glucose)

29
Q

What does a debranching enzyme do?

A

Liberation of glucose

30
Q

Reactions that occur in the mitochondria only.

A
  1. Beta-oxidation
  2. Acetyl-coA synthesis
  3. TCA Cycle
  4. Oxidative phosphorylation
  5. Ketogenesis
  6. Ketolysis

(BATOKK)

31
Q

What part of the immunoglobulin binds to the antigen?
a. Epitope
b. Paratope
c. Mimitope
d. Isotope

A

Paratope

32
Q

Which metabolic process is opposite of gylcolysis?

A

Gluconeogenesis

33
Q

What part of the antigen where immunoglobulin binds?
a. Epitope
b. Paratope
c. Mimitope
d. Isotope

A

Epitope

34
Q

A non protein component that is a metal ion?

A

Cofactor

35
Q

Non protein component that is a small organic molecule?

A

Coenzyme
- usually derived from vitamins
- can be a cosubstrate or prosthetic group

36
Q

Molybdenum is a cofactor of what oxidase enzymes?

A
  1. Aldehyde
  2. Sulfite oxidase- Xanthine oxidase
37
Q

Thiamin vit B1 is an important coenzyme of? (4)

A

BAPT
-Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
-Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ( TCA Cycle)
-Pyruvate dehydrogenase ( Glycolysis- TCA Cycle)
-Transketokase (HMP Shunt)

Biochemistry (19 decks)

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