med term final Flashcards
peri-
around
endo-
within
word part that is always placed at the end of the word
suffix
cardi/o/megaly
enlargement of the heart
bi-, Milli-, mono-
bi= two, Milli= one-thousandth, mono= one
-centesis
surgical puncture
plural form of atrium
atria
-ectomy
surgical removal
presence of more than one bronchus
bronchi
-alga, -dynia
pain
-oid
resembling
more than one diagnosis
diagnoses
-graphy
process of recording
-stomy
surgically create new opening
heter/o
different
ecto-
outside
retro-
backward, behind
contra-
against
ex-
away from, outside
dys-
bad, difficult
peri-
around
-oma
tumor
trans-
across
-megaly
enlarged
rrhagia
excessive flow or discharge
quadri/plegia
paralysis of all four extremities
erythrocyte
red blood cell
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
a name for a disease,organ, procedure, or body function that is derived from the name of a person
Eponym
-ole
small, little
-emia
blood condition
anti-
against
pre-
before
rapid
tachy
-pathy
disease
-penia
decrease in or deficiency
a tooth having two cusps or points
bi cuspid
intra
within
makes all body movement possible
muscle tissue
forms the outer skin and lines internal organs
epithelial
support and protects body structures; has many forms including liquid, fatty, fibrous, cartilage, and solid
connective tissue
three types of muscle tissue
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
upper region of abdomen
right & left hypochondriac regions
lower region of abdomen
right & left iliac region
middle section of abdomen
right & left lumbar region
area between right& left hypochondriac
epigastric region
area between right & left iliac regions
hypogastric region
area between right and left lumbar regions
umbilical region
RUQ,RLQ,
right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant
LLQ, LUQ
left lower quadrant, left upper quadrant
body cavities
thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
subdivisions of Dorsal cavity
cranial, spinal
deep
towards the inside
opposite of deep
superficial
posterior
back
opposite of posterior
anterior
dorsal
back
opposite of dorsal
ventral
inferior
down
opposite of inferior
superior
caudal
tail end
opposite of caudal
cranial
distal
away from midline
opposite of distal
proximal
a -plasia
developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
dys -plasia
abnormal or disordered formation of tissues or organs
hyper -plasia
an increase or excessive formation in the number of cells of a body part
neo -plasia
new and abnormal development of cells that may or may not be malignant
lying horizontally on the back, face up
supine
tissues organized together to perform a specific function
organs
the cervical division of the spine consists of how many bones
7
divisions of the back
cervical, thoracic, lumbar
anter/o
front
cyt/o
cell
viscer/o
internal organs
-plasm
living substance
hist/o
tissue
crani/o
skull, cranium
throac/o
chest
epidermis
outer most layer of the skin contains no blood vessels or glands
ceruminous gland
secrets ear wax
hives
urticaria, wheal
bedsore
pressure sore, decubatis ulcer
verruca
wart
shingles
herpes zoster
ecchymosis
discoloration of an area of skin caused by an escape of blood into the tissues (black-and-blue mark)
psoriasis
silvery-white scales covering round, raised, reddened patches
systemic lupus erythematosus
“butterfly rash” across the bridge of the nose, aching in joints
urticaria (hives)
a reaction of skin with sightly elevated patches that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin often has itching
pruritus
itching
vitiligo
white patches of skin surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
abrasion
a scraping or rubbing away of skin as a result of friction
bulla
a large blister
fissure
a crack-like sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
cicatrix
a scar
macule
a small flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
polyp
a small stalk-like growth that protrudes up or out from surface
pustule
a small elevation of the skin filled with pus
cyst
closed sac or pouch in/within skin that contains fluid or solid material
vesicle
a small blister
ulcer
a circumscribed, open sore of the skin accompanied by inflammation
sebum
oily secretion
third-degree burn
involves massive necrosis of the epidermis and dermis and may include part of the subcutaneous tissues
alopecia
loss of hair, or male pattern baldness
eczema
inflammation of the skin that is characterized by erythema, papules, pustules, scales and is accompanied by intense itching
gangrene
tissue death due to loss of blood supply, invasion of bacteria, exhibits a foul odor
nevus
mole
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nails
debridement
the removal of damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound to promote healing
petechia
small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
scabies
a highly contagious skin disease caused by the human itch mite
derm/o
skin
adip/o
fat
melan/o
black or dark pigment
bx
biopsy
decub
decubitus ulcer
I&D
incision and drainage
FS
frozen section
cryosurgery
the use of subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy tissue
fulguration
uses an electric spark to burn and destroy tissue.. used for the removal of surface lesions
cautery
uses heat or caustic substances to burn and scar the skin, causing a coagulation of the tissue
skin graft
is tissue taken from a donor site and placed on a recipient site
biopsy
the removal of a small piece of tissue from skin lesions for the purpose of examining it under a microscope
onych/o/myc/osis
onych=nail, myc= fungus, osis= condition
dermatitis
dermat=skin, itis= inflammation
anemia
deficiency of hemoglobin due to lack of oxygen
plasma
straw colored fluid portion
hemostasis
stopping or controlling blood flow by mechanical or chemical means
splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
fibrin
used in clotting of blood
bleeding time
a measure of the time required for bleeding to stop
PTT
blood test to evaluate clot formation
pathogen
disease producing microorganisms
allergen
substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body.
hematocrit
an assessment of RBC percentage in the blood volume
serum
clear, sticky fluid portion of blood remaining after clotting
coagulation
process of transforming a liquid to solid
hemophilia
hereditary lack of coagulation factor
platelet
clotting cell
erythrocyte
mature red blood cell
antibody
substance produced by body in response to foreign substances.
erythroblast
an immature red blood cell
hemoglobin
complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells
agglutination
clumping together of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies
aplastic anemia
condition characterized the lack of formation of the blood elements due to failure of the bone marrow which produces them
pernicious anemia
formation of distorted RBCs due to a lack of vitamin B12 absorption
leukocyte
white blood cell
anaphylaxis
exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen
hemolytic anemia
condition characterized by extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction
edema
accumulation of fluid within the tissue spaces
immunity
state of being resistant to or protected from a disease
polycythemia vera
abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity
spleen
the largest lymphatic organ in the body, located in the LUQ; it filters the blood
erythropoiesis
the process of red blood cell production
natural immunity
immunity with which we are born
ELISA
test to screen for the AIDS/HIV virus
pancytopenia
reduction in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
phagocytosis
the process of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria
ESR
test that measures the rate at which RBCs settle out in a tube of unclotted blood
leukemia
excessive and uncontrolled increase of immature white blood cells
lymphandenopathy
disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph glands
Hbg, Hb, Hgb
hemoglobin
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Hct
hematacrit
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
lymphaden/o
lymph gland
-emia
blood condition
-phage
to eat
hemat/o
blood
-poiesis
formation
3 organs important in the lymphatic system
thymus,spleen, tonsils
function of the lymphatic system
immunity
thrombocytopenia
thromb/o= clot, cyt/o= cell, penia= deficiency abnormal condition where the number of platelets is reduced
pulmonary circulation
deoxygenated blood enter the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. from right atrium blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. right ventricle through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries then to the lungs
systemic circulation
oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium by way of the pulmonary veins. from left atrium blood passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. from left ventricle blood passes through the aortic valve into the aorta. from the aorta into arteries and to each body part.
MI
myocardial infarction
CHF
congestive heart failure
CAD
coronary artery disease
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
HTN
hypertension
septum
partition or dividing wall in a cavity: example between the atria
cyanosis
slightly bluish, grayish, slate-like, or dark discoloration of the skin
diastole
relaxation phase of the heart beat, allowing the heart to fill with blood
mitral valve prolapse
drooping of one or more cusps of the valve between the left atria and left ventricle
pitting edema
swelling, usually of the skin in the extremities, that when pressed firmly with a finger will maintain the dent produced by the finger
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
claudication
cramp-like pain in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation
cusp
any one of the small flaps on valves of the heart
tachycardia
abnormal rapid heart beat
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vain
ischemia
decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ
coarctation of the aorta
congenital heart defect characterized by a localized narrowing of the aorta
arrhythmia
any deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat
hyperlipidemia
an excessive level of fats in the blood
congestive heart failure
a decrease in the outflow from the ventricles which causes impaired circulation and edema in the lungs and extremities; pumping ability of heart is impaired
patent ductus arteriosus
abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta associated with premature infants
tetralogy of fallot
congenital heart anomaly that consists of four separate defects
atherosclerosis
fatty deposits building up within the arterial walls
systemic circulation
circulation loop carries oxygenated blood from the heart, through the body, and back to the heart
aneurysm
a localized dilatation of an artery which may rupture
hypertension
medical term for high blood pressure
atrial fibrillation
extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria resulting in twitching of the atria
percutaneous translumial coronary angioplasty
balloon procedure to open occluded arteries
sphygmomanometer
used to measure blood pressure
dyspnea
air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing
heart block
interference with normal electrical conduction of the heart
coronary bypass surgery
procedure for re-routing coronary blood flow
bruit
abnormal sound or murmur when listening to carotid artery
echocardiopraphy
use of ultrasound to evaluate heart structure and function
angiography
x-ray imaging of heart after introducing a contrast medium
purkinje fibers
spread electrical impulse to the ventricles
(SA) sinoatrial node
pacemaker of the heart
arteriosclerosis
arteri/o= artery, scler/o= hard, -osis= condition/ arterial condition where there is a thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries
chickenpox
a viral disease characterized by sudden onset with slight fever, successive eruptions of macules, papules, and vesicles on the skin, followed by crusting over of the lesions with a granular scab
impetigo
a contagious, superficial, staphylococcal/ streptococcal skin infection characterized by serous vesicle and pustules that form crusted-over lesions, usually on the face
infectious parotitis
another name for mumps
whooping cough
another name for pertussis
rubella
German measles
scarlatina
an acute, contagious disease characterized by a sore throat, abrupt high fever “strawberry” tongue (red and swollen), and a point-like bright red rash on the body
croup
a childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, suffocative and difficult breathing, stridor, and laryngeal spasm
dwarfism
generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone before puberty
hyaline membrane disease
respiratory distress syndrome of the premature infant (RDS)
carcinomas
tumors originating from epithelial tissue that make up the largest group of neoplasms
lung cancer
bronchogenic carcinoma
chemotherapy
the use of cytotoxic drugs and chemicals to achieve a cure, decrease tumor size, provide relief of pain, or slow down metastasis
neonatology
the medical specialty concerned with the diseases and abnormalities of the newborn infant
hydrocephalus
a childhood condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid within the cranial vault
sarcoma
tumors that originate from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle, and cartilage
wilms’ tumor
a malignant tumor of the kidney occurring predominately in childhood
oral leukoplakia
precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth
relapse
to exhibit again the symptoms of a disease from which a patient appears to have recovered
anaplasia
a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form
pyrexia
pertaining to elevated body temperature; fever
adjuvant
a substance, especially a drug, added to a prescription to assist in the action of the main ingredient
mutation
a change or transformation
modality
treatment method
neoplasm
any abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant
morbidity
an illness or abnormal condition
carcinoma
malignant cancerous tumor
protocol
a written plan or description of the steps to be taken
encapsulated
enclosed in fibrous or membranous sheaths
differentiation
cells become specialized physically and functionally
pedunculated
pertaining to structure on a stalk
onc/o
tumor
cephal/o
head
-plasia
formation, growth
omphal/o
naval
nat/o
birth
congenital
condition in which you are born with
sessile
attached at the base
grading
how a tumor relates to its parent tumor
fractionation
break down of ionizing radiation treatment into smaller doses
antineoplastic
substance, procedure, or measure that prevents the proliferation of malignant cells
vaccine
killed microorganisms administered intra dermally to induce active immunity to a disease
eythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic condition
CAUTION
C= change in bowel or bladder habits A= a sore that does not heal U=unusual bleeding or discharge T= thickening or lump in the breast I= indigestion or difficulty in swallowing O= obvious change in a wart or mole N= nagging cough, hoarseness
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis tetanus
mets
metastasis
MMR
measles, mumps, rubella
PSA
prostate specific antigen
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
a productive cough is one that
is effective in bringing up sputum
epistaxis
nosebleed
hemoptysis
spitting out blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs
rhinorrhea
a thin, watery discharge from the nose
rales
an abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest that is a cracking sound similar to that of moisture crackling in a tube as air passes through it
tachypnea
abnormally rapid breathing
asthma
sudden attack of dyspnea accompanied by wheezing caused by spasming of the bronchial tubes
pharyngitis
inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes known as a sore throat
wheezing
a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway, heard without the aid of a stethoscope, usually during exhalation
a form of COPD
chronic bronchitis
inspection
visual examination of the external surface of the body
palpation
process of examining by application of the hands or fingers
auscultation
listening with a stethoscope for sounds within the body
percussion
use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position,size of an underlying structure
glottis
sound producing apparatus of the larynx
pulmonary embolism
obstruction of the pulmonary artery by an thrombus
pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
trachea
throat
pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, chemicals
pleurisy
inflammation of the double membrane surrounding the lungs
emphysema
chronic dilatation of the alveoli, usually caused by smoking, that caused a chronic obstruction of airflow in the lungs
pleura
the double folded membrane that surrounds the lungs
epiglottis
the thin, leaf-shaped structure that covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows
expectoration
the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs
othropena
an abnormal condition in which a person needs to sit up straight or stand up to breathe comfortably
empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity that is usually the result of a primary infection in the lungs
pneumothorax
a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity as the result of a perforation through the chest wall or the pleura covering the lung (visceral pleura)
stridor
a harsh sound during respiration, particularly inhalation, that is high-pitched and resembles the blowing of wind (due to obstruction of air passages)
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
anthracosis
the medical term for “black lung disease” accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing in coal dust
primary function of the respiratory system is breathing. name 2 other functions
produce sound, defense against foreign materials
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi
hypercapnia
excessive carbon in the blood
pulmonary edema
build up of fluid around lungs
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
PFT
pulmonary function test
AP
anteroposterior
URI
upper respiratory infection
SOB (pertaining to the respiratory system)
short of breath
LUL
left upper lobe
pne/o
breathing
thor/o
chest
orth/o
straight
rhin/o
nose
pulmon/o
air; lungs
articulation
a joint
synovial joints
are free moving joints
osteochondroma
malignant tumor arising from bone
muscular dystrophy
a genetically transmitted disorder that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue
muscle strain
an injury the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon as a result of overstretching, over extension, or misuse, “muscle pull”
gout
a form of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe
osteoarthritis
the most common form of arthritis, due to wear and tear on the joints, especially the weight bearing joints such as the hips and knees
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic type of arthritis that affects multiple joints of the body, mainly the small peripheral joints, as in those of the hands and feet
bone processes
the projections or outgrowths of bones for muscle attachment
bunion
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
subluxation
an incomplete dislocation
fontanelle
“soft spot” a space covered by a tough membrane between the bones of an infants cranium
foramen
hole in bone where nerves and veins pass through
osteochondroma
benign tumor stemming from bone
sprain
twisting or turning of tendon or ligaments
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells within bone
myel or myel/o
bone marrow
arthr/o
joint
-centesis
surgical puncture
spondyl/o
vertebra
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone marrow due to bacterial invasion of bone
ossification
the process of bone formation
osteoblasts
immature bone cells
osteomalacia
a condition/ disease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the blood
crepitation
the clicking or crackling sounds heard upon joint movement
trochanter
the large process below the neck of the femur for muscle attachments
arthroplasty
the surgical repair of a joint
fascia
thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate as well as cover the entire muscle, holding the fibers together
bursa
a small sac that lubricates the area around the elbow, knee, or shoulder joint where friction is most likely to occur
ganglion
a cystic tumor developing on a tendon that sometimes occurs on the back of the writs
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
comminuted fracture
a fracture caused by forces so great that the bone splinters/ crushes a segment of bone
flexion
a bending motion
kyphosis
hunchback
extension
a straightening motion
abduction
movement of a bone away from the midline of the body
ligament
tissue that binds bones to bones
supination
the act of turning the palm up
pronation
the act of turning the palm down
dorsiflexion
bending the foot backward, or upward, at the ankle
plantar flexion
bending the food downward at the ankle with toes pointing down
circumduction
movement of an extremity around in a circular motion
condyle
knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone
Fx
fracture
MTP
metatarsophalangeal (joint)
meta/ tars/o / phalangeal
TKA
total knee arthroplasty
OA
osteoarthritis
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
(T/F) medical terms must have a word root and a suffix
true
(T/F) the word root often identifies the body part or system described by the medical term
true
(T/F) word roots change meaning as the prefixes and suffixes change
False
combining vowels aid the pronunciation of medical terms (T/F)
true
the prefix anti- means before, in front of
false
hypoglycemia indicates high blood sugar (T/F)
false
the prefixes hemi- and semi- each mean half (T/F)
true
the prefix hyper- means excessive (T/F)
true
the suffix -osis means disease (T/F)
false
the suffix -itis means stone (T/F)
false
histologist
a medical scientist that studies tissues
