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chapter 21 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ana

A

not, without

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2
Q

blast

A

embryonic stage of development

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3
Q

Bx,bx

A

biopsy

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4
Q

Ca

A

cancer

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5
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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6
Q

chem/o

A

pertaining to a chemical, drug

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7
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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8
Q

fibr/o

A

pertaining to fiber

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9
Q

meta-

A

beyond, after

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10
Q

mets

A

metastasis

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11
Q

oma

A

tumor

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12
Q

plasia

A

formation or growth

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13
Q

plasm

A

living substance

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14
Q

PSA

A

prostate- specific antigen

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15
Q

Rtx

A

radiation therapy

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16
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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17
Q

TNM

A

tumor, nodes, metastasis (staging)

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18
Q

ABCDs of malignant melanomas

A

Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Diameter

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19
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

treatment with additional therapy to enhance the primary therapy

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20
Q

Anaplasia

A

Loss of cellular differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form

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21
Q

Antineoplastic

A

pertaining to substance, procedure, or measure that preents proliferation of malignant cells

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22
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

most common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue

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23
Q

Benign

A

noncancerous

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24
Q

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A

malignant lung tumor that orginates in bronchi

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25
Q

cacinoma in situ

A

a premalignant neoplasm, tumor

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26
Q

cancer

A

a neoplasm

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27
Q

carcinogen

A

of cancer substance or agent that causes the development or increases the incidence

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28
Q

Carcinoma

A

occurs in epithelial tissue, malignant neoplasm

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29
Q

Carcinoma of the breast

A

a malignant tumor of the breast tissue

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30
Q

Caution

A

C: change in bowel or bladder habits

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31
Q

Caution

A

A: a sore that does not heal

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32
Q

Caution

A

U: unusual bleeding or discharge

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33
Q

Caution

A

T: thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere

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34
Q

Caution

A

I: indigestion or difficulty in swallowing

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35
Q

Caution

A

O: obvious change in a wart or mole

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36
Q

Caution

A

N: nagging cough or hoarseness

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37
Q

Chemotherapy

A

use of cytotoxic drugs and chemicals to achieve a cure, decrease tumor size, relief of pain

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38
Q

cytotoxic

A

pertaining to being destructive to cells

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39
Q

Differentiation

A

immature cells become specialized and differentiated both physically and functionally look and act like the parent cell or tissue of organ

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40
Q

Encapsulated

A

enclosed in a fibrous/ membranous sheath

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41
Q

Fractionation

A

Division of the total dose of radiation into smaller doses

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42
Q

grading

A

measures the extent to which tumor cells differ from their parent tissue

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43
Q

immunotherapy

A

changing the relationship between a tumor and the host

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44
Q

interacranial tumor

A

occur in any structural region of the brain

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45
Q

invasive

A

a tendency to sread, infiltrate, and intrude

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46
Q

ionizing radiation

A

high-energy x-ray kills cells or retard growth

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47
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

rare malignant lesions, spread throughout the skin associated with AIDS

48
Q

linear accelerator

A

apparatus for accelerating charged subomic particles

49
Q

lumpectomy

A

surgical removal of only the tumor and the immediate adjacent breast

50
Q

lymphoma

A

typically malignant beginning with a painless enlarged lymph node

51
Q

Malignant

A

tending to become worse and cause death

52
Q

malignant melanoma

A

skin tumor orginating from melanocytes

53
Q

Metastases

A

tumors that have spread to other parts of the body

54
Q

Metastasis

A

process by which malignant cells spread to other parts of the body

55
Q

Modality

A

treatment method

56
Q

mohs surgery

A

treatment procedure for skin cancer

57
Q

Morbidity

A

illness or abnormal condition, diseased

58
Q

Mutation

A

change, transformation in a gene

59
Q

Neoplasia

A

any abnormal growth of new cells

60
Q

Neoplasm

A

abnormal growth of cells (tumor)

61
Q

neuroblastoma

A

malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system

62
Q

oncogenesis

A

the formation of a tumor

63
Q

Oncology

A

Study of tumors (generally study of malignant tumors)

64
Q

Oral Leukoplakia

A

precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth

65
Q

pap smear

A

method for examining stained exfoliated cells

66
Q

Papilloma

A

benign epithelial neoplasm (tumor)

67
Q

Pedunculated

A

pertaining to a structure with a stalk

68
Q

Primary site

A

site at which a malignant neoplasm first appeared

69
Q

Ptotocol

A

written plan/ description of the steps to be taken for treatment

70
Q

radiation

A

the emission of energy, rays, or waves

71
Q

Radiation therapy

A

delivery of ionizing radiation to interrupt cellular growth

72
Q

Relapse

A

Exhibiting again the symptoms of a disease from which a patient appears to have recovered

73
Q

Remmission

A

partial/ complete dissapperance of the symptoms of a chronic/ malignant disease

74
Q

Sarcoma

A

originate from supportive and connective tissue

75
Q

Sessile

A

attached by a base rather than by a stalk

76
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

squamous or scalelike cells of the epithelial tissue

77
Q

staging

A

the exent of disease and relative size of the tumor

78
Q

stem cell

A

a formative cell

79
Q

TNM Staging classification system

A

T: tumor size, N: degree of reginal lymph node involvement, M: presence or absance of distant metastases

80
Q

tumor

A

new growth of tissue uncontrolled growth of cells

81
Q

verrucous

A

rough, warty

82
Q

Wilm’s Tumor

A

tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

83
Q

adjuvant

A

substance added to a prescription to aid the main ingredient

84
Q

antimetabolite

A

drugs used to treat cancer

85
Q

dedifferentiation

A

cells revert to a primitive form

86
Q

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

A

nucleic acid molecule found in the chromosomes of the nucleus

87
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells of a body part (excessive formation)

88
Q

infiltrative

A

ability to invade or penetrate adjacent tissue

89
Q

mitosis

A

cell division results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells

90
Q

mixed-tissue tumor

A

a growth of more than one type of neoplastic tissue

91
Q

oncogene

A

a gene in a virus that can cause a cell to become malignant

92
Q

oncologist

A

one who specializes in the study and treatment of neoplastic diseases, cancer

93
Q

papillary

A

pertaining to a papilla (nipple-like projection)

94
Q

radiocurable tumor

A

susceptibility of tumor cells to destruction by radiation

95
Q

radioresistant tumor

A

tumor that resists the effects of radiation

96
Q

radioresponsive tumor

A

tumor that reacts favorably to radiation

97
Q

radiosensitive tumor

A

tumor capable of being changed by or reacting to radioactive emissions

98
Q

radiotherapy

A

treatment of disease by using x-rays or gamma rays

99
Q

RNA ribonucleic acid

A

acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells that transmits genetic instructions

100
Q

scirrhous

A

pertaining to carcinoma with a hard structure

101
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder,sac,or cyst

102
Q

epi

A

upon, over

103
Q

papill/o

A

resembling a nipple

104
Q

radi/o

A

radiation

105
Q

scirrh/o

A

hard

106
Q

breast cancer (carcinoma of the breast)

A

malignant tumor of the breast tissue

107
Q

cervical carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the cervix

108
Q

colorectal cancer

A

malignant neoplasm in the large intestine

109
Q

endometrial carcinoma

A

tumor of the inner lining of the uterus (adenocarcinoma of the uterus)

110
Q

ovarian carcinoma

A

tumor of the ovaries

111
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

life-threatening neoplasm found in the head of the pancreas

112
Q

prostatic cancer (carcinoma of the prostate)

A

a growth within the prostate gland

113
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

tumor of the kidney occurs in adulthood

114
Q

testicular cancer (carcinoma of the testes)

A

tumor of the testicle appears as a painless lump in the testicle

115
Q

thyroid cancer (cancer of the thyroid gland)

A

tumor of the thyroid gland that leads to dysfunction of the gland

116
Q

tumors, metastatic intracranial

A

tumors occurring as a result of metastasis from a primary site, lung or breast

117
Q

tumors, primary intracranial

A

tumors that arise from gliomas (malignant glial cells support nerve tissue)

medical terminology1 (14 decks)

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