Chapter 7 Flashcards
arthralgia
joint pain
atrophy
wasting away; literally without development
contracture
abnormal bending of a joint into a fixed position
fascia (muscle fibers)
thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle
cartilaginous joint
bones connected by cartilage, limited movement, (pubic bones of pelvis)
synovial joint
free movement, joint held together by ligaments, bones have a space between them called joint cavity with synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid (knee and hip)
supination
the act of turning the palm up or forward
pronation
turning the palm down or backward
crepitation
clicking or crackling sounds herd upon joint movement
sciatica
inflammation of siatic nerve
subluxation
an incomplete dislocation
ganglion
a cystic tumor developing on a tendon, sometimes occurring on the back of the wrist
gout
a form of arthritis characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe
muscular dystrophy
group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscle
osteoarthritis (OA)
most common form of arthritis, degenerative joint disease
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple joints of the body
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of a joint with a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis
arthrography
process of x-raying the inside of a joint after a injection of a contrast medium
arthroplasty
surgical reconstruction (repair) of a joint
arthroscopy
the visualization of the interior of a joint
polymyositis
chronic progressive disease affecting the skeletal (striated) muscles
rotator cuff tear
tear in the muscles that form a “cuff” over the upper end of the arm (head of the humerus)
bursa
lubricates the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur
adhesive capsulitis
limited shoulder movement, and pain, (frozen shoulder)
arthritis
inflammation of joints
ankylosing spondylitis
affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine
bunion (hallux valgus)
abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
dislocation
the displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causes loss of joint function
herniated disk
the rupture of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal canal
rheumatoid factor (RF)
blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies
erythrocyte sed rate
(ESR) blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube
sprain
injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint. caused by a wrenching or twisting motion
function of muscles
1) movement of the body
2) support and maintain body posture
3) produce heat when contracting
types of muscles
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
skeletal
attaches to the bones of skeleton, voluntary movement, conscious control
smooth
visceral muscle, involuntary, unconscious control
cardiac
forms the wall of the heart. involuntary
tendon
fibrous band of muscle tissue attaches muscles to bone
origin
point of attachment of the muscle to the bone that is less movable
insertion
point of attachment to the bone that it moves
ligament
connective tissue band attaches bone to bone
electromyography
process of recording strength of contraction of a muscle
muscle biopsy
extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue, through biopsy needle or incisional biopsy, to examine under a microscope
joint (articulation)
point at which two individual bones connect
suture
immovable joint, purpose is to bind bones together
fibrous joint
bones fit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue allows no movement (skull bones)
hinge
allows a back and forth type motion (elbow)
ball-and-socket
allows movement in many directions around a central point (shoulder joint and hip joint)
flexion
bending motion
extension
straightening motion
dorsiflexion
foot is bent backward, or upward at the ankle
plantar flexion
foot is bent downward at the ankle, toes pointing downward (ballet dancing)
Rotation
turning of a bone on its own axis (neck)
circumduction
movement of an extremity around in a circular motion
Lyme disease
acute, recurrent inflammatory infection, transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick
strain
injury involving muscle body or tendon attachment, overstretching, over extension, misuse
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease, affects skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, (butterfly rash)
