Chapter 7

Question 1

arthralgia

Answer 1

joint pain

Question 2

atrophy

Answer 2

wasting away; literally without development

Question 3

contracture

Answer 3

abnormal bending of a joint into a fixed position

Question 4

fascia (muscle fibers)

Answer 4

thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle

Question 5

cartilaginous joint

Answer 5

bones connected by cartilage, limited movement, (pubic bones of pelvis)

Question 6

synovial joint

Answer 6

free movement, joint held together by ligaments, bones have a space between them called joint cavity with synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid (knee and hip)

Question 7

supination

Answer 7

the act of turning the palm up or forward

Question 8

pronation

Answer 8

turning the palm down or backward

Question 9

crepitation

Answer 9

clicking or crackling sounds herd upon joint movement

Question 10

sciatica

Answer 10

inflammation of siatic nerve

Question 11

subluxation

Answer 11

an incomplete dislocation

Question 12

ganglion

Answer 12

a cystic tumor developing on a tendon, sometimes occurring on the back of the wrist

Question 13

gout

Answer 13

a form of arthritis characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe

Question 14

muscular dystrophy

Answer 14

group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscle

Question 15

osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 15

most common form of arthritis, degenerative joint disease

Question 16

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 16

chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple joints of the body

Question 17

arthrocentesis

Answer 17

surgical puncture of a joint with a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis

Question 18

arthrography

Answer 18

process of x-raying the inside of a joint after a injection of a contrast medium

Question 19

arthroplasty

Answer 19

surgical reconstruction (repair) of a joint

Question 20

arthroscopy

Answer 20

the visualization of the interior of a joint

Question 21

polymyositis

Answer 21

chronic progressive disease affecting the skeletal (striated) muscles

Question 22

rotator cuff tear

Answer 22

tear in the muscles that form a “cuff” over the upper end of the arm (head of the humerus)

Question 23

bursa

Answer 23

lubricates the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur

Question 24

adhesive capsulitis

Answer 24

limited shoulder movement, and pain, (frozen shoulder)

Question 25

arthritis

Answer 25

inflammation of joints

Question 26

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 26

affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine

Question 27

bunion (hallux valgus)

Answer 27

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

Question 28

dislocation

Answer 28

the displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causes loss of joint function

Question 29

herniated disk

Answer 29

the rupture of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal canal

Question 30

rheumatoid factor (RF)

Answer 30

blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies

Question 31

erythrocyte sed rate

Answer 31

(ESR) blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube

Question 32

sprain

Answer 32

injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint. caused by a wrenching or twisting motion

Question 33

function of muscles

Answer 33

1) movement of the body
2) support and maintain body posture
3) produce heat when contracting

Question 34

types of muscles

Answer 34

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 35

skeletal

Answer 35

attaches to the bones of skeleton, voluntary movement, conscious control

Question 36

smooth

Answer 36

visceral muscle, involuntary, unconscious control

Question 37

cardiac

Answer 37

forms the wall of the heart. involuntary

Question 38

tendon

Answer 38

fibrous band of muscle tissue attaches muscles to bone

Question 39

origin

Answer 39

point of attachment of the muscle to the bone that is less movable

Question 40

insertion

Answer 40

point of attachment to the bone that it moves

Question 41

ligament

Answer 41

connective tissue band attaches bone to bone

Question 42

electromyography

Answer 42

process of recording strength of contraction of a muscle

Question 43

muscle biopsy

Answer 43

extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue, through biopsy needle or incisional biopsy, to examine under a microscope

Question 44

joint (articulation)

Answer 44

point at which two individual bones connect

Question 45

suture

Answer 45

immovable joint, purpose is to bind bones together

Question 46

fibrous joint

Answer 46

bones fit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue allows no movement (skull bones)

Question 47

hinge

Answer 47

allows a back and forth type motion (elbow)

Question 48

ball-and-socket

Answer 48

allows movement in many directions around a central point (shoulder joint and hip joint)

Question 49

flexion

Answer 49

bending motion

Question 50

extension

Answer 50

straightening motion

Question 51

dorsiflexion

Answer 51

foot is bent backward, or upward at the ankle

Question 52

plantar flexion

Answer 52

foot is bent downward at the ankle, toes pointing downward (ballet dancing)

Question 53

Rotation

Answer 53

turning of a bone on its own axis (neck)

Question 54

circumduction

Answer 54

movement of an extremity around in a circular motion

Question 55

Lyme disease

Answer 55

acute, recurrent inflammatory infection, transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick

Question 56

strain

Answer 56

injury involving muscle body or tendon attachment, overstretching, over extension, misuse

Question 57

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 57

chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease, affects skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, (butterfly rash)