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medical terminology1 > Chapter9 > Flashcards

Chapter9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency Sydrome

A

AIDS- destroys the bodys immune system

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2
Q

Adenoids

A

mass of lymphatic tissue (pharyngeal tonsils)

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3
Q

Agglutination

A

Clumping of cells as a result of interaction of specific antibodies

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4
Q

Albumins

A

Normal blood volume and pressure

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5
Q

Allergy

A

Reaction to normally harmless antigens

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6
Q

Anaphylactic Shock or anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity

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7
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Life- threatening reaction to an antigen

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8
Q

Anemia

A

a decrease in quantity of hemoglobin in the blood causes oxygen deficiency

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9
Q

Anemia, Aplastic

A

lack of formation of blood elements ‘bone marrow depression anemia’

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10
Q

Anemia, Iron deficiency

A

deficiency of hemoglobin due to lack of iron in the body

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11
Q

Anemia, Sickle Cell

A

Chronic hereditary form, RBCs become crescent-shaped in presence of low oxygen concentration

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12
Q

Antibodies

A

Substance, a protien that causes the formation of an antibody

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13
Q

Antibody

A

protein that is anti foriegn substances in response to bacteria

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14
Q

Antigen

A

Generates the formation of antibodies

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15
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid containing large amounts of protien and electrolytes within the peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

Basophil

A

White blood cells characterized by cytoplasmic granules

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17
Q

Bilriubin

A

Orange-Yellow pigment of bile caused by the breakdown of hemoglobin in read blood cells at end of normal life span

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18
Q

Bleeding time

A

Mesurement of time required for bleeding to stop

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19
Q

Bone Marrow Biopsy

A

Microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue

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20
Q

Coagulation

A

Process of transformin a liquid into a solid

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21
Q

Complete Blood Cell Count

A

CBC- tests performed to screen for problems in the body

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22
Q

Corpuscle

A

Any cell of the body

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23
Q

CT (CAT) Scan

A

x-ray images taken from various angles following injection of a contrast medium

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24
Q

Cytomegalvirus

A

herpes type virus causes serious illness in persons with AIDS

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25
Q

Differentiation

A

Where unspecialized cells or tissues are modified and altered for specific functions or properties

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26
Q

Direct antiglobulin test

A

blood test on pregnant RH negative women and RH positive fetus

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27
Q

Donor

A

Person gives blood

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28
Q

Dyscrasia

A

Abnormal condition of blood or bone marrow

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29
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstital spaces of tissues

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30
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Movement of charged particals through a liquid medium by changes in electric field

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31
Q

Enzyme

A

Organic substance initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction

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32
Q

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay

A

ELISA- blood test used for screening for antibody to the AIDS virus

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33
Q

Eosinophil

A

A granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte charaterized by large number of coarse, refractile, cytoplasmic granules

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34
Q

Erythremia

A

Abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

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35
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

A

ESR- measures the rate of red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood “sed rate”

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36
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Process of red blood cell production

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37
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone released into bloodstream in response to anoxia (lack of oxygen) made by kidneys

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38
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein converted to fibrin in the presence of calcium ions

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39
Q

Formed Elements

A

45% bone marrow suspended

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40
Q

Globin

A

Protein molecules bound by iron to form hemoglobin

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41
Q

Globulins

A

Transport lipids, vitamins in blood, function in immunity

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42
Q

Granulocytes

A

Leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules

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43
Q

Granulocytosis

A

Abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood

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44
Q

Hematocrit

A

assessment of RBC percentage in total blood volume

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45
Q

Hematologist

A

Medical specialist in the field of hematology

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46
Q

Heme

A

Binds with and carries oxygen in the red blood cells

47
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Rare iron metablism disease, leaves iron deposits throughout the body

48
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Complex protien-iron compound that carries oxygen to lungs and carbon away from lungs

49
Q

Hemoglobin test

A

measurement of hemoglobin

50
Q

Hemolysis

A

Breakdown of red blood cells

51
Q

Hemophilia

A

inadequacies of coagulation, prolonged bleeding times

52
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time

53
Q

Heparin

A

Anticlotting factor present in the body

54
Q

HIV

A

have virus but no symptoms

55
Q

Hyperalbuminemia

A

Increased level of albumin in the blood

56
Q

Hyperbilirubinema

A

Greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment in the blood

57
Q

Hyperlipemia

A

Excessive level of blood fats

58
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive flow of blood fats

59
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

excessive reaction to a particular stimulus, allergic reaction triggered by an allergen

60
Q

Hypersplenism

A

syndrome involving deficiency of one or more types of blood

61
Q

Immune reaction

A

response to invader

62
Q

Immunization

A

process of creating immunity to a specific disease

63
Q

Immunologist

A

health specialist whose training and experience is concentrated in immunology

64
Q

Immunotherapy

A

administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to develop immunity

65
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged particle

66
Q

Leukemia

A

Excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood

67
Q

Leukocyte

A

White Blood Cell (WBC) body’s main defense against pthogens

68
Q

Leukopenia

A

Abnormal decrease in number of white blood cells

69
Q

Lymph fluid

A

stems from the blood and tissue fluid rich in wbcs

70
Q

Lymph nodes (lymph glands)

A

located at various intervals for filtering

71
Q

Lymph vessels

A

return tissue fluid to blood

72
Q

Lymphatic organs

A

thymus, spleen, tonsils

73
Q

Lymphocyte

A

small, leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells and bone marrow

74
Q

Macrophage

A

defense against infection and in disposal of products of breakdown of cells

75
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

Extremely large bone marrow cell

76
Q

Monocyte

A

Large mononuclear leukocyte

77
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

A malignant plasm cell neoplasm

78
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disease

79
Q

Myeloid

A

Pertaining to bone marrow to spinal cord

80
Q

Neutrophil

A

Polymorphonuetear granular leukocyte

81
Q

Partial thromboplastin time

A

PTT- used to monitor heparin therapy

82
Q

Phagocytosis

A

process of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria

83
Q

Pica

A

Craving to eat unusual substances

84
Q

Plasma

A

55% Fluid portion of blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

85
Q

Polycythemia

A

abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes

86
Q

Prothrombin

A

A plasma protein comes before thrombin , its made in the liver

87
Q

Prothrombin time

A

PT- used to monitor coumadin therapy

88
Q

Recipient

A

person that recives blood

89
Q

Red blood cell morphology

A

Examination of the RBC on a stained blood smear

90
Q

Reticlocyte count

A

measurement of number of circulating reticulocytes

91
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Immature erythrocyte

92
Q

Rouleaux

A

aggregation of RBC

93
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of multiple, small, round, leasions

94
Q

Septicemia

A

Systemic infection in which pathogens are present in circulating bloodstream

95
Q

Seroconversion

A

Change in the serologic tests from negative to positive

96
Q

Serology

A

Branch of laboratory medicine studies blood serum

97
Q

Serum

A

Clear, thin, sticky fluid portion of the blood

98
Q

Stem cell

A

A formative cell

99
Q

Thalassemia

A

Hereditary form of hemolytic anemia

100
Q

Thrombin

A

An enzyme formed in plasma during clotting process

101
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Reduction in platelets

102
Q

Thromboplastin

A

Substance that initiates the clotting process

103
Q

Thrombus

A

A clot

104
Q

Type AB

A

Universal recipient, has no antibodies to cause clumping

105
Q

Type O

A

Universal donor, blood has no antigens on RBC

106
Q

White blood cell differential

A

percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in blood

107
Q

HCT

A

Hematocrit

108
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin time

109
Q

PTT

A

Partial thromboplasin time

110
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cell (erythrocyte)

111
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell (Leukocyte)

112
Q

AIDS

A

Aquired immunodeficiency syndrome

113
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay

114
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

medical terminology1 (14 decks)

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