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medical terminology1 > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft-like portion of a long bone

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2
Q

Epiphysis

A

located at each end of a long bone

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3
Q

Periosteum

A

thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone

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4
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

thin layer of cartilage covers the ends of a long bone

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5
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing yellow marrow

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6
Q

Cancellous Bone

A

spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone

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7
Q

Tuberosity

A

elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone for attachment of muscles or tendons

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8
Q

Trochanter

A

large boney process located below the neck of the femur for attachment of muscles

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9
Q

Condyle

A

knuckle like projection at the end of a bone

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10
Q

Foramen

A

a hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through

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11
Q

Fontanelle; Fontanel

A

space covered by tough membrane between bones of an infants cranium (soft spot)

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12
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone

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13
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage, cushion between vertebrae

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14
Q

Ossification

A

conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone

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15
Q

Osteoporosis

A

porous bone

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16
Q

Osteomalacia

A

soft bone due to lack of vitamin D

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17
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

infection of the bone and bone marrow

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18
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the bones

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19
Q

Osteogenic sarcoma, Osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumor arising from bone

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20
Q

Osteochondroma

A

most common benign bone tumor

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21
Q

Compact bone

A

is the hard outer shell of the bone

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22
Q

Crest

A

a distinct border or ridge

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23
Q

spine

A

sharp projection from the surface of a bone

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24
Q

bone depressions

A

concave (indented) areas, or openings in a bone

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25
Q

Sulcus

A

a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure

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26
Q

Sinus

A

an opening or hollow space in a bone

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27
Q

Fossa

A

a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

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28
Q

False Ribs

A

rib pairs 8-10 connect to the vertebrae in the back , join the seventh rib in the front

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29
Q

Floating Ribs

A

rib pairs 11&12 connect to vertebrae in back, lack attachment in front

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30
Q

True Ribs

A

first seven pairs of ribs, connect to vertebrae in back and to sternum in front

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31
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine (humpback, or hunchback)

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32
Q

Lordosis

A

abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine (swayback)

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33
Q

Scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral (side ward) curvature of a portion of the spine

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34
Q

closed fracture (simple fracture)

A

break in a bone with no open wound in the skin

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35
Q

Open fracture (compound fracture)

A

break in a bone, with an open wound in the skin

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36
Q

Complete fracture

A

break that extends through the entire thickness of a bone

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37
Q

Incomplete fracture (green stick fracture)

A

break that does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone

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38
Q

Compression fracture

A

caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other

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39
Q

Impacted fracture

A

occurs when a direct force caused the bone to break

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40
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

occurs when the force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the bone

41
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

occurs at the lower end of the radius , within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones

42
Q

hairline fracture (stress fracture)

A

minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment

43
Q

Pathological fracture

A

occurs when a bone, which is weakened by a preexisting disease

44
Q

closed reduction

A

manual manipulation or traction without making an incision into the skin

45
Q

open reduction

A

realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery

46
Q

internal fixation devices

A

the use of screws, pins,wires, and nails internally to maintain the bone alignment

47
Q

C1,C2,C3…..

A

cervical vertebra

48
Q

DEXA

A

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

49
Q

Fx

A

fracture

50
Q

L1,L2,L3…

A

lumbar vertebra

51
Q

MCP

A

metacarpophalangeal

52
Q

MTP

A

metatarsophalangeal

53
Q

PIP

A

proximal interphalangeal

54
Q

T1,T2,T3…

A

thoracic vertebra

55
Q

THA

A

total hip arthroplasty

56
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

57
Q

TKA

A

total knee arthroplasty

58
Q

TKR

A

total knee replacement

59
Q

skeletal system function

A

supports framework of body
protects vital internal organs
attachments for muscles
blood cell formation

60
Q

long bones

A

arm (radius), thigh (femur)

61
Q

short bones

A

wrist (carpals), ankles (tarsals)

62
Q

flat bones

A

breastbone, scapula, pelvis

63
Q

irregular bones

A

various shapes & sizes vertebrae, facial bones

64
Q

sesamoid bones

A

embedded in tendons, usually around joint kneecap, hand-to-finger joints

65
Q

spongy bone (trabecular bone)

A

called cancellous bone gives added strength spaces between trabeculae filled with red bone marrow

66
Q

osteoblasts

A

deposit new bone from inner to outer

67
Q

bone head

A

rounded knoblike end of long bone

68
Q

neck

A

constricted or narrow section that connects with the head

69
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction, internal fixation

70
Q

Bone scan

A

injection of a radioisotope, scanning the skeleton detect areas where bone absorbs isotope

71
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removal of a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle specimen for examination under a microscope

72
Q

cranium

A

bony skull

73
Q

maxillae

A

upper jaw bones

74
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw bone

75
Q

true ribs

A

ribs 1-7

76
Q

false ribs

A

ribs 8-10

77
Q

floating ribs

A

ribs 11-12

78
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

79
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone

80
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

81
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

82
Q

metacarpals

A

hand bones

83
Q

phalanges

A

finger bones

84
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bones

85
Q

radius

A

lower arm bone on thumb side

86
Q

ulna

A

lower arm bone on medial (little finger side)

87
Q

tarsals

A

ankle bones

88
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

89
Q

phalanges

A

toe bones

90
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

91
Q

patella

A

kneecap

92
Q

tibia

A

larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones

93
Q

fibula

A

more slender of the two lower leg bones

94
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

C1-C7

95
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12

96
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5

97
Q

sacrum

A

triangle shape

98
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

medical terminology1 (14 decks)

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