chapter 6 Flashcards
Diaphysis
shaft-like portion of a long bone
Epiphysis
located at each end of a long bone
Periosteum
thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone
Articular Cartilage
thin layer of cartilage covers the ends of a long bone
Medullary Cavity
center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing yellow marrow
Cancellous Bone
spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone
Tuberosity
elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone for attachment of muscles or tendons
Trochanter
large boney process located below the neck of the femur for attachment of muscles
Condyle
knuckle like projection at the end of a bone
Foramen
a hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through
Fontanelle; Fontanel
space covered by tough membrane between bones of an infants cranium (soft spot)
Hematopoiesis
normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone
Intervertebral disc
flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage, cushion between vertebrae
Ossification
conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone
Osteoporosis
porous bone
Osteomalacia
soft bone due to lack of vitamin D
Osteomyelitis
infection of the bone and bone marrow
Ewing’s sarcoma
malignant tumor of the bones
Osteogenic sarcoma, Osteosarcoma
malignant tumor arising from bone
Osteochondroma
most common benign bone tumor
Compact bone
is the hard outer shell of the bone
Crest
a distinct border or ridge
spine
sharp projection from the surface of a bone
bone depressions
concave (indented) areas, or openings in a bone
Sulcus
a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure
Sinus
an opening or hollow space in a bone
Fossa
a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone
False Ribs
rib pairs 8-10 connect to the vertebrae in the back , join the seventh rib in the front
Floating Ribs
rib pairs 11&12 connect to vertebrae in back, lack attachment in front
True Ribs
first seven pairs of ribs, connect to vertebrae in back and to sternum in front
Kyphosis
abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine (humpback, or hunchback)
Lordosis
abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine (swayback)
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral (side ward) curvature of a portion of the spine
closed fracture (simple fracture)
break in a bone with no open wound in the skin
Open fracture (compound fracture)
break in a bone, with an open wound in the skin
Complete fracture
break that extends through the entire thickness of a bone
Incomplete fracture (green stick fracture)
break that does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone
Compression fracture
caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other
Impacted fracture
occurs when a direct force caused the bone to break
Comminuted fracture
occurs when the force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the bone
Colles’ fracture
occurs at the lower end of the radius , within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones
hairline fracture (stress fracture)
minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment
Pathological fracture
occurs when a bone, which is weakened by a preexisting disease
closed reduction
manual manipulation or traction without making an incision into the skin
open reduction
realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery
internal fixation devices
the use of screws, pins,wires, and nails internally to maintain the bone alignment
C1,C2,C3…..
cervical vertebra
DEXA
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
Fx
fracture
L1,L2,L3…
lumbar vertebra
MCP
metacarpophalangeal
MTP
metatarsophalangeal
PIP
proximal interphalangeal
T1,T2,T3…
thoracic vertebra
THA
total hip arthroplasty
THR
total hip replacement
TKA
total knee arthroplasty
TKR
total knee replacement
skeletal system function
supports framework of body
protects vital internal organs
attachments for muscles
blood cell formation
long bones
arm (radius), thigh (femur)
short bones
wrist (carpals), ankles (tarsals)
flat bones
breastbone, scapula, pelvis
irregular bones
various shapes & sizes vertebrae, facial bones
sesamoid bones
embedded in tendons, usually around joint kneecap, hand-to-finger joints
spongy bone (trabecular bone)
called cancellous bone gives added strength spaces between trabeculae filled with red bone marrow
osteoblasts
deposit new bone from inner to outer
bone head
rounded knoblike end of long bone
neck
constricted or narrow section that connects with the head
ORIF
open reduction, internal fixation
Bone scan
injection of a radioisotope, scanning the skeleton detect areas where bone absorbs isotope
bone marrow aspiration
removal of a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle specimen for examination under a microscope
cranium
bony skull
maxillae
upper jaw bones
mandible
lower jaw bone
true ribs
ribs 1-7
false ribs
ribs 8-10
floating ribs
ribs 11-12
sternum
breastbone
clavicle
collarbone
scapula
shoulder blade
carpals
wrist bones
metacarpals
hand bones
phalanges
finger bones
humerus
upper arm bones
radius
lower arm bone on thumb side
ulna
lower arm bone on medial (little finger side)
tarsals
ankle bones
metatarsals
foot bones
phalanges
toe bones
femur
thigh bone
patella
kneecap
tibia
larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones
fibula
more slender of the two lower leg bones
cervical vertebrae
C1-C7
thoracic vertebrae
T1-T12
lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
sacrum
triangle shape
coccyx
tailbone
