chapter 6 Flashcards by Tanya Townsend

Diaphysis

shaft-like portion of a long bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epiphysis

located at each end of a long bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Periosteum

thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Articular Cartilage

thin layer of cartilage covers the ends of a long bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Medullary Cavity

center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing yellow marrow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cancellous Bone

spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tuberosity

elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone for attachment of muscles or tendons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trochanter

large boney process located below the neck of the femur for attachment of muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Condyle

knuckle like projection at the end of a bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Foramen

a hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fontanelle; Fontanel

space covered by tough membrane between bones of an infants cranium (soft spot)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hematopoiesis

normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intervertebral disc

flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage, cushion between vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ossification

conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteoporosis

porous bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteomalacia

soft bone due to lack of vitamin D

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteomyelitis

infection of the bone and bone marrow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ewing’s sarcoma

malignant tumor of the bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteogenic sarcoma, Osteosarcoma

malignant tumor arising from bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteochondroma

most common benign bone tumor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compact bone

is the hard outer shell of the bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Crest

a distinct border or ridge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

spine

sharp projection from the surface of a bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bone depressions

concave (indented) areas, or openings in a bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sulcus

a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure

Sinus

an opening or hollow space in a bone

Fossa

a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

False Ribs

rib pairs 8-10 connect to the vertebrae in the back , join the seventh rib in the front

Floating Ribs

rib pairs 11&12 connect to vertebrae in back, lack attachment in front

True Ribs

first seven pairs of ribs, connect to vertebrae in back and to sternum in front

Kyphosis

abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine (humpback, or hunchback)

Lordosis

abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine (swayback)

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral (side ward) curvature of a portion of the spine

closed fracture (simple fracture)

break in a bone with no open wound in the skin

Open fracture (compound fracture)

break in a bone, with an open wound in the skin

Complete fracture

break that extends through the entire thickness of a bone

Incomplete fracture (green stick fracture)

break that does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone

Compression fracture

caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other

Impacted fracture

occurs when a direct force caused the bone to break

Comminuted fracture

occurs when the force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the bone

Colles' fracture

occurs at the lower end of the radius , within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones

hairline fracture (stress fracture)

minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment

Pathological fracture

occurs when a bone, which is weakened by a preexisting disease

closed reduction

manual manipulation or traction without making an incision into the skin

open reduction

realigning the bone under direct observation during surgery

internal fixation devices

the use of screws, pins,wires, and nails internally to maintain the bone alignment

C1,C2,C3.....

cervical vertebra

DEXA

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

fracture

L1,L2,L3...

lumbar vertebra

MCP

metacarpophalangeal

MTP

metatarsophalangeal

PIP

proximal interphalangeal

T1,T2,T3...

thoracic vertebra

THA

total hip arthroplasty

THR

total hip replacement

TKA

total knee arthroplasty

TKR

total knee replacement

skeletal system function

supports framework of body protects vital internal organs attachments for muscles blood cell formation

long bones

arm (radius), thigh (femur)

short bones

wrist (carpals), ankles (tarsals)

flat bones

breastbone, scapula, pelvis

irregular bones

various shapes & sizes vertebrae, facial bones

sesamoid bones

embedded in tendons, usually around joint kneecap, hand-to-finger joints

spongy bone (trabecular bone)

called cancellous bone gives added strength spaces between trabeculae filled with red bone marrow

osteoblasts

deposit new bone from inner to outer

bone head

rounded knoblike end of long bone

neck

constricted or narrow section that connects with the head

ORIF

open reduction, internal fixation

Bone scan

injection of a radioisotope, scanning the skeleton detect areas where bone absorbs isotope

bone marrow aspiration

removal of a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle specimen for examination under a microscope

cranium

bony skull

maxillae

upper jaw bones

mandible

lower jaw bone

true ribs

ribs 1-7

false ribs

ribs 8-10

floating ribs

ribs 11-12

sternum

breastbone

clavicle

collarbone

scapula

shoulder blade

carpals

wrist bones

metacarpals

hand bones

phalanges

finger bones

humerus

upper arm bones

radius

lower arm bone on thumb side

ulna

lower arm bone on medial (little finger side)

tarsals

ankle bones

metatarsals

foot bones

phalanges

toe bones

femur

thigh bone

patella

kneecap

tibia

larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones

fibula

more slender of the two lower leg bones

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7

thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5

sacrum

triangle shape

coccyx

tailbone