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medical terminology1 > chapter10 > Flashcards

chapter10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

analgesic

A

pertaining to relieving pain

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2
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts to

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3
Q

aneurysm

A

localized dilation of a weakened area of the wall of an artery

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4
Q

aneurysm/o

A

aneurysm

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5
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical removal of the sac of an aneurysm

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6
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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7
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe pain and constriction about the heart, usually radiating left shoulder down left arm

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8
Q

anomaly

A

deviation from normal

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9
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite resulting in the inability to eat

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10
Q

aortic valve

A

between left ventricle and aorta

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11
Q

arrythmia

A

abnormal heatbeat

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12
Q

arter/o

A

artery

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13
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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14
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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15
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

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16
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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17
Q

AS

A

sinoatrial

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18
Q

ascites

A

abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

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19
Q

asystole

A

absence of contractions of the heart

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20
Q

ather/o

A

fatty

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21
Q

atherosclerosis

A

fatty deposits building up within the inner layers of the walls of the arteries

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22
Q

atrial flutter

A

contractions of the atria become extremely rapid

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23
Q

atrioventricular node (AV Node)

A

cordinates incomming electrical impulses

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24
Q

benign

A

noncancerous, not progressive

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25
Q

blood pressue

A

pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries

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26
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

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27
Q

bruit

A

abnormal sound or mummer

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28
Q

bruits

A

abnormal sound or mummer heard when listening to the carotid artery with a stethescope

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29
Q

bundle of his

A

divides into right and left bundle branches

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30
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

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31
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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32
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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33
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of the heart caused by accumulation of blood or other fluids within the pericardial sac

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34
Q

cardiologist

A

specializes in the study of disease and disorders of the heart

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35
Q

cardiology

A

study oc the heart

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36
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

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37
Q

carditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscles

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38
Q

CCU

A

coronay care unite

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39
Q

chambers

A

left & right atrium, right & left ventricle

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40
Q

claudication

A

cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation to the muscles of the legs

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41
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

localized narrowing of the aorta

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42
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

pumping ability of heart is impared

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43
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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44
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply blood to heart muscle

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45
Q

coronary artery

A

supplies blood and oxygen to the heart muscle

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46
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

increases blood flow to the myocardial muscle

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47
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

the narrowing of the coronary arteries

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48
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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49
Q

cusp

A

any one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart

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50
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel

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51
Q

dependent edema

A

fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity

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52
Q

directional coronary atherectomy

A

catheter shaves plaque

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53
Q

distole

A

relaxation, allowing for blood into the heart

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54
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

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55
Q

dysrhythmia

A

abnormal rhythm

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56
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram

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57
Q

echo

A

sound

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58
Q

echocardiogram

A

graphic outline or record of movements of structures of the heart

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59
Q

edema

A

localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissues

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60
Q

electr/o

A

electrical, electricity

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61
Q

endo

A

within

62
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the membrane lining of the valves and chambers of the heart

63
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer

64
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer

65
Q

gram

A

record or picture

66
Q

graphy

A

process of recording

67
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of liver

68
Q

homan’s sign

A

pain felt in the calfof the leg, or behind the knee when bending toes upward toward the foot

69
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

70
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive level of fats in the blood

71
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

abnormally high blood pressue

72
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressue

73
Q

hypoxemia

A

insuffcient oxygenation of arterial blood

74
Q

infarction

A

localized area of necrosis in tissue vessel or organ relulting from lack of oxygen

75
Q

inferior vena cava

A

large vein that carries blood from the lower body

76
Q

ischemia

A

decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ

77
Q

lesion

A

wound, injury, or any pathological change in body tissue

78
Q

lipid

A

any group of fats or fatlike substances found in the blood

79
Q

lumen

A

a cavity or the channel within any organ or structure of the body

80
Q

malaise

A

a vague feeling of body weakness or discomfort

81
Q

mediastinum

A

area between the lungs in the chest cavity that contains the heart

82
Q

megal/o

A

enlarged

83
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

84
Q

mitral (biscuspid) valve

A

between left atrium and left ventricle

85
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

drooping of one or both cusps

86
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

87
Q

murmur

A

low-pitched humming or fluttering sound

88
Q

my/o

A

muscle

89
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

heart attack occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries

90
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the myocardium

91
Q

myocardium

A

middle muscular layer

92
Q

nocturia

A

urination at night

93
Q

occlusion

A

closure, or state of being closed

94
Q

orthopnea

A

abnormal condition in which a perosn sits up straight or stands up to breathe comfortably

95
Q

pacemaker

A

the SA node (sinoatrial) of the heart located in the right atrium

96
Q

palpable

A

detectable by touch

97
Q

palpitation

A

pounding or racing of the heart

98
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

99
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

balloon angioplasty

100
Q

pericardial

A

pertaining to the pericardium

101
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the sac around the heart

102
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

103
Q

pericardium

A

thin, double-walled membraneous sac that encloses the heart

104
Q

petechiae

A

small, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin

105
Q

pitting edema

A

swelling, usually of the skin of the extremities when pressed down maintains the dent

106
Q

prophylactic

A

an agent that protects against disease

107
Q

pulmonary

A

between right ventricle and pumonary artery

108
Q

pulmonary artery

A

transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

109
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

deoxygenated blood to right atrium from superior vena cava through the tricuspid valve into riight ventricle. From right ventricle through the pulmonary valve into left and right pulmonary arteries

110
Q

pulmonary vein

A

vein that returns oxygenated blood from they lungs back to the left atrium of the heart

111
Q

purkinje fibers

A

Cause ventricles to contract

112
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contractions

113
Q

septum

A

wall or partition separating 2 cavities

114
Q

serum sickness

A

hypersensitivity reaction that may occur two to three weeks after administration of an antiserum

115
Q

sinoatrial node (SA Node)

A

pacemaker of the heart

116
Q

sphygnomanometer

A

used with blood pressue cuff to measure blood pressue

117
Q

superior vena cava

A

large vein that collects and carries blood from upper body

118
Q

sydenham’s chorea

A

a form of chorea (involuntary muscle twitching) associated with rheumatic fever

119
Q

systemic circulation

A

oxygenated blood to left atrium from pulmonary veins. From atrium through the mitral valve to left ventricle. Fresh oxygen passes through aortic valve into aorta then branches into arterioles & body

120
Q

systole

A

contraction, forcing blood out of heart

121
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

congenital heart anomaly consists of 4 defects

122
Q

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

123
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus

124
Q

thrombosis

A

the formation or existence of a blood clot

125
Q

TPMA

A

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

126
Q

tricuspid valve

A

between right atrium and right ventracle

127
Q

varicose veins

A

enlarged, superficial veins

128
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel

129
Q

vegetation

A

an abnormal growth of tissue aroung a valve

130
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle of the heart or brain

131
Q

V-tach

A

ventricular tachycardia

132
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria resulting in disorganized and uncoordinated twitiching of the atria

133
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

ineffectual contractions of the ventricles

134
Q

heart block (AV Block)

A

interference with the normal conduction of electric impulses

135
Q

angiography

A

x-ray visualization of internal anatomy of heart and blood vessels after introducing a contrast medium

136
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

catheter is introduced into a large vein or artery, threaded through the circulatory system to the heart

137
Q

echocardiograhy

A

diagnostic procedure for studying the structure and motion of the heart (ultrasound waves)

138
Q

electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)

A

graphic record of the electrical action of the heart

139
Q

exercise stress testing

A

subjecting patient to carefully controlled amounts of physical stress

140
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

A

devise placed under the skin or muscle in chest or abdomen

141
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic field and radiofrequency waves produce imaging

142
Q

right atrium

A

upper chamber of the heart

143
Q

left atrium

A

upper chamber of the heart

144
Q

bradycardia

A

a slow heart rate, pulse rater under 60 beats per minute

145
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormal rapidity of heart action heart rate over 100 beats per minute

146
Q

dyspenea

A

difficult breathing, labored breathing

147
Q

holter monitoring

A

portable monitoring device that makes prolonged electrocardiograph recordings on a portable tape recorder

148
Q

serum lipid test

A

measures the amount of fatty substances in a sample of blood

149
Q

venous insufficiency

A

an abnormal circulatory condition, with decreased return of venous blood from the legs to the trunk of the body

150
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria resulting in disorganized and uncordinated twitching of the atria

151
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

ventricles of the heart beat at a greater then 100 beats per minute

medical terminology1 (14 decks)

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