Mechanics of respiration

Question 1

Quiet breathing

Answer 1

Inspiration is active and expiration is passive.

Question 2

Deep breathing

Answer 2

Inspiration is active and expiration is active

Question 3

Side view and anterior view expiration is a

Answer 3

relaxed diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Question 4

Side view and anterior view inspiration is a

Answer 4

contracted diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Question 5

Laboured breathing inspiration is a

Answer 5

external intercostal muscles and diaphragm flatten.

Question 6

The 3 accessory muscle are

Answer 6

sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectorals.

Question 7

The active process

Answer 7

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles, external obliques, internal obliques, transverse abdominus, rectus abdominus and diaphragm relaxes.

Question 8

As the thoracic cavity increases it

Answer 8

reduces the pressure and air is drawn in.

Question 9

The alveolar air

Answer 9

Composition remains relatively constant.

Question 10

How many alveoli are in the lungs?

Answer 10

600 million

Question 11

Diffusion is

Answer 11

The exchange of gases occurs when a difference in partial pressure exists across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 12

External respiration is

Answer 12

The exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood.

Question 13

Internal respiration is

Answer 13

The exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the body cells.

Question 14

Oxygen is

Answer 14

Carried in a chemical combination with haemoglobin 98.5% called oxyhaemoglobin. 1.5% dissolved in the plasma.

Question 15

Carbon dioxide is

Answer 15

Mostly (70%) in the form of bicarbonate ions (H2, CO3) 7% dissolved in the plasma, 23% as carbohaemoglobin.

Question 16

The control of respiration is

Answer 16

Mainly involuntary, voluntary control during some activity

Question 17

The medulla is

Answer 17

inspiratory and expiratory neurons involved in the action of breathing in and out and the smooth transition between the two.

Question 18

The pons are

Answer 18

-two areas called the apneustic and pneumotaxic

Question 19

The Pneumotaxic

Answer 19

send inhibitory impulses to the MEDULLA that stops inspiration and initiates expiration.

Question 20

Chemorereceptors

Answer 20

receptors which respond to changes in PO2 and PCO2 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 21

Where are the central chemoreceptors situated?

Answer 21

the MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Question 22

Where are the Peripheral Chemoreceptors situated?

Answer 22

in the arch of the aorta and carotid bodies

Question 23

PaCO2

Answer 23

Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide.

Question 24

Where are stretch receptors situated?

Answer 24

in the thoracic walls.

Question 24

PaO2

Answer 24

Partial pressure of arterial oxygen.

Question 25

Factors that influence breathing are?

Answer 25

Speech, singing, emotion, drugs, opiates, sedatives, alcohol and sleep.