Measurements of ventilation Flashcards
Tidal volume (TV)
-the amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one respiratory cycle under normal conditions
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal TV inhalation
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal TV exhalation
residual volume (RV)
amount of air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation
*usually estimated
* cannot completely empty lungs
respiratory capacities
-calculated from respiratory volumes (two or more volumes added together)
vital capacities (VC)
-the maximal amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration
-not the same for men and women
men: 2.5 L/m2 of body surface area
women: 2.0 L/m2 of body surface area
-in diseases such as pneumonia or emphysema a decrease in FVC may be noted, also tumors or enlarged blood vessels also decrease lung space
-also decreases with age
Inspiratory Capacities (IC)
-the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration
functional residual capacity (FRC)
-the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration
Total lung capacity (TLC)
the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold
respiratory rate (RR)
amount of normal respiratory cycles (inhalation and exhalation) that occur in one minute (60sec) typically 12-20 resps/min) at rest
Minute respiratory volume (MRV)
-amount of air inhaled in one minute under normal resting conditions typically 6000-10,000 mL/min (6-10 L/min)
Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) or maximum breathing capacity
the maximum amount of air inhaled in one minute during physical activity as high as 125,000-170,000 mL/min (125-170 L/min)
forced vital capacity (FVC)
-the amount of air exhaled when a deep breath is taken and then forcefully exhaled as much as possible (usually released in a period of 6-7 sec)
-average is 4800 ml or 4.8 L
forced expiratory volume (FEV)
-the amount of air expelled during specific time intervals of the FCV
FEV1, FEV2, FEV3 (etc)
-amount of air exhaled during the first, second, third, etc, second respectively of the FVC (measured as a percentage)
-looks at slope, how fast you can get to max
-75-78% is normal for FEV1
Equation for vital capacities
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
equation for inspiratory capacities
IC = TV + IRV
Equation for Functional residual capacity
FRC = ERV + RV
equation for total lung capacity
TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Equation for Minute respiratory volume
MRV = TV * RR
1 ft is how many inches
12 inches
1 in is how many centimeters
2.54 cm
1 L is equal to how many mL
1000 mL
how to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
1.8 (C) + 32
How to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
F - 32/ 1.8
Breath against a mirror or glass plate, what are the results
-due to temperature difference against the cool glass, this causes condensation to occur, vapor turns to water
how does a thermometer work, what happens when you breath on it
-the temperature went up by 1 degree because the heat causes the mercury to expand raising the temperature
What is the reaction between limewater and CO2
-the mixture of this will turn cloudy, this mixture is separating out the CaCO3 (salt) and H20 so the cloudiness is from the calcium carbonate
phenolphthalein
-acid base indicator which is purple in alkaline solution
-in neutral solution the purple color will become colorless
-this was used to show when enough carbonic acid was formed to neutralize the NaOH
