Identification of Endocrine glands, locations, and hormones produced/stored Flashcards
Pituitary gland
-broken into two parts anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis)
-the anterior lobe is bigger and darker due to proteins (green ball on figurine) and DNA which attach to the dye used
-the posterior lobe is smaller (yellow ball has tracts in it, that is how the hormone is transferred there for storage)
Pituitary gland location
-inferior to the hypothalamus in brain (hangs from infundibulum); rests in sella turcica of sphenoid bone
Pituitary gland hormones produced in the adenohypophysis
GH: Growth hormone
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH: adrenocorticotrophic hormone
MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone
PRL: prolactin
FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone
LH: luteinizing hormone
ICSH: interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
*these hormones are secreted by this gland but produced by the hypothalamus
Pituitary gland hormones produced in the neurohypophysis
-this is where the hormones are stored in the hypothalamus
OT: oxytocin
ADH: anti-diuretic hormone
hypothalamus location
inferior to the thalamus within the diencephalon of the brain
hypothalamus hormones produced/stored
OT: oxytocin
ADH: anti-diuretic hormone
* hormones are made in the hypothalamus
thyroid gland location
inferior to the larynx (thyroid cartilage)
thyroid gland hormones produced/stored
TH-T3,T4 - (thyroid hormone)(Thyroxin)
CT: calcitonin
*thyroid hormone made by cuboidal follicular cells
parathyroid gland location
posterior to the thyroid gland, embedded within the thyroid tissue
-looks like 4 brown lobes/circles on the models
-can be found in other places
parathyroid gland hormones produced/stored
PTH: parathyroid hormone
thymus gland location
within the mediastinum, just superior to the heart
thymus gland hormones stored/produced
thymosin, and thymopoietin
-both play a role in immunity they help to mature, and develop T-cell lymphocytes
-thymus shrinks as a person ages and their immunity grows so the function decreases
adrenal gland location
-directly superior to the kidneys
-has two regions (outer cortex) and (inner medulla)
-the adrenal cortex is broken up into three zones (different hormones produced in each)
-the medulla portion on the histology slide is when you start to see white dots and circles
adrenal glands hormones stored/produced in the cortex
- mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
- glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- gonadcorticoids (androgens)
adrenal glands hormones stored/produced in the medulla
- EP: epinephrine
- NE: norepinephrine
pancreas (isle of Langerhans) location
within the abdominal cavity, posterior to the stomach, and duodenum
pancreas (isle of Langerhans) hormones stored/produced
Insulin, glucagon, somatosatin
Ovaries location
within the pelvic cavity (female)
-mature ovary called vesicular follicle
ovaries hormones stored/produced
estrogen, progesterone
testes location
within the scrotum (males)
testes hormones produced/stored
testosterone
* interstitial cells make testosterone
pineal gland location
-within the brain, posterior to the corpus callosum (roof of the 3rd ventricle)
pineal gland hormones produced/stored
melatonin
placenta location
within the uterus, embedded within the endometrial lining (only during pregnancy)
-serves as communication, blood supply, nutrient waste exchange between mom and fetus
placenta hormones produced/stored
hCG: human chorionic gonadotrophin
hCS: human chorionic somatomammotropin
hCT: human chorionic thyrotropin
relaxin
hormone
a chemical compound made in endocrine glands which help regulate the body
endocrine glands
-ductless glands, secreted by diffusion through blood, vascular
follicle (thyroid slide)
-in the follicles is where the thyroid hormone collects, and as it collects it is called colloid
colloid (thyroid slide)
the pink area filling in the follicles where the thyroid hormone accumulate
simple cuboidal epithelium
-adjacent layer next to the follicles, this is the secreting portion of the cells where thyroid hormones are then sent into the follicle
-can also be called follicular
parafollicular (clear) cells
-do not show a nucleus
-these are the cells that produced the CT (calcitonin)
cuboidal follicular cells
-follicle and colloid make up the cuboidal follicular cells that produce thyroid hormone
parathyroid chief cells
- cells producing parathyroid producing hormone
What does the zona glumerulosa produce
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
What does the zona fasiculata produce
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
what does the zona reticularis produce
gonadocorticoids (androgens)
Isle of Langerhans (pancreas histology slide)
-these are isolated areas embedded within the pancreas, the endocrine portion
- you see the insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which are all produced as endocrine hormones in the isle
acinus (acinar cells)
-the exocrine portion of the pancreas, makes digestive enzymes
seminiferous tubules
-a series of tubules in the testes, within the tubes are the sperm that are developing the sperm cells
interstitial cells
-also called Leydig cells
-these cells produce testosterone
