Identification of Endocrine glands, locations, and hormones produced/stored

Question 1

Pituitary gland

Answer 1

-broken into two parts anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis)
-the anterior lobe is bigger and darker due to proteins (green ball on figurine) and DNA which attach to the dye used
-the posterior lobe is smaller (yellow ball has tracts in it, that is how the hormone is transferred there for storage)

Question 2

Pituitary gland location

Answer 2

-inferior to the hypothalamus in brain (hangs from infundibulum); rests in sella turcica of sphenoid bone

Question 3

Pituitary gland hormones produced in the adenohypophysis

Answer 3

GH: Growth hormone
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH: adrenocorticotrophic hormone
MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone
PRL: prolactin
FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone
LH: luteinizing hormone
ICSH: interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
*these hormones are secreted by this gland but produced by the hypothalamus

Question 4

Pituitary gland hormones produced in the neurohypophysis

Answer 4

-this is where the hormones are stored in the hypothalamus
OT: oxytocin
ADH: anti-diuretic hormone

Question 5

hypothalamus location

Answer 5

inferior to the thalamus within the diencephalon of the brain

Question 6

hypothalamus hormones produced/stored

Answer 6

OT: oxytocin
ADH: anti-diuretic hormone
* hormones are made in the hypothalamus

Question 7

thyroid gland location

Answer 7

inferior to the larynx (thyroid cartilage)

Question 8

thyroid gland hormones produced/stored

Answer 8

TH-T3,T4 - (thyroid hormone)(Thyroxin)
CT: calcitonin
*thyroid hormone made by cuboidal follicular cells

Question 9

parathyroid gland location

Answer 9

posterior to the thyroid gland, embedded within the thyroid tissue
-looks like 4 brown lobes/circles on the models
-can be found in other places

Question 10

parathyroid gland hormones produced/stored

Answer 10

PTH: parathyroid hormone

Question 11

thymus gland location

Answer 11

within the mediastinum, just superior to the heart

Question 12

thymus gland hormones stored/produced

Answer 12

thymosin, and thymopoietin
-both play a role in immunity they help to mature, and develop T-cell lymphocytes
-thymus shrinks as a person ages and their immunity grows so the function decreases

Question 13

adrenal gland location

Answer 13

-directly superior to the kidneys
-has two regions (outer cortex) and (inner medulla)
-the adrenal cortex is broken up into three zones (different hormones produced in each)
-the medulla portion on the histology slide is when you start to see white dots and circles

Question 14

adrenal glands hormones stored/produced in the cortex

Answer 14

1. mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
2. glucocorticoids (cortisol)
3. gonadcorticoids (androgens)

Question 15

adrenal glands hormones stored/produced in the medulla

Answer 15

1. EP: epinephrine
2. NE: norepinephrine

Question 16

pancreas (isle of Langerhans) location

Answer 16

within the abdominal cavity, posterior to the stomach, and duodenum

Question 17

pancreas (isle of Langerhans) hormones stored/produced

Answer 17

Insulin, glucagon, somatosatin

Question 18

Ovaries location

Answer 18

within the pelvic cavity (female)
-mature ovary called vesicular follicle

Question 19

ovaries hormones stored/produced

Answer 19

estrogen, progesterone

Question 20

testes location

Answer 20

within the scrotum (males)

Question 21

testes hormones produced/stored

Answer 21

testosterone
* interstitial cells make testosterone

Question 22

pineal gland location

Answer 22

-within the brain, posterior to the corpus callosum (roof of the 3rd ventricle)

Question 23

pineal gland hormones produced/stored

Answer 23

melatonin

Question 24

placenta location

Answer 24

within the uterus, embedded within the endometrial lining (only during pregnancy)
-serves as communication, blood supply, nutrient waste exchange between mom and fetus

Question 25

placenta hormones produced/stored

Answer 25

hCG: human chorionic gonadotrophin
hCS: human chorionic somatomammotropin
hCT: human chorionic thyrotropin
relaxin

Question 26

hormone

Answer 26

a chemical compound made in endocrine glands which help regulate the body

Question 27

endocrine glands

Answer 27

-ductless glands, secreted by diffusion through blood, vascular

Question 28

follicle (thyroid slide)

Answer 28

-in the follicles is where the thyroid hormone collects, and as it collects it is called colloid

Question 29

colloid (thyroid slide)

Answer 29

the pink area filling in the follicles where the thyroid hormone accumulate

Question 30

simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 30

-adjacent layer next to the follicles, this is the secreting portion of the cells where thyroid hormones are then sent into the follicle
-can also be called follicular

Question 31

parafollicular (clear) cells

Answer 31

-do not show a nucleus
-these are the cells that produced the CT (calcitonin)

Question 32

cuboidal follicular cells

Answer 32

-follicle and colloid make up the cuboidal follicular cells that produce thyroid hormone

Question 33

parathyroid chief cells

Answer 33

• cells producing parathyroid producing hormone

Question 34

What does the zona glumerulosa produce

Answer 34

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 35

What does the zona fasiculata produce

Answer 35

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 36

what does the zona reticularis produce

Answer 36

gonadocorticoids (androgens)

Question 37

Isle of Langerhans (pancreas histology slide)

Answer 37

-these are isolated areas embedded within the pancreas, the endocrine portion
- you see the insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which are all produced as endocrine hormones in the isle

Question 38

acinus (acinar cells)

Answer 38

-the exocrine portion of the pancreas, makes digestive enzymes

Question 39

seminiferous tubules

Answer 39

-a series of tubules in the testes, within the tubes are the sperm that are developing the sperm cells

Question 40

interstitial cells

Answer 40

-also called Leydig cells
-these cells produce testosterone